Corrosion in crop storage silos

Cleland, J

doi:10.1016/1350-6307(94)90026-4

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Farm structures are constructed using concrete, steel reinforcement, timber, and concrete substitutes [10][11][12]. However, the durability of concrete is the most pertinent factor; timber is used in limited applications because it is susceptible to fungal and insect attacks, discoloration, decay, swelling, and shrinkage [10].…”

Section: Corrosion and Degradation Of Structural Materials In Farm Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the durability of concrete is the most pertinent factor; timber is used in limited applications because it is susceptible to fungal and insect attacks, discoloration, decay, swelling, and shrinkage [10]. Similarly, metallic structures are more susceptible to corrosion compared to concrete structures [2,11,[13][14][15]. Concrete structures in farm environments are exposed to different forms of corrosive agents such as meal-water mixtures, acids, and bacteria, which suppress the pH and contribute to the accumulation of organic acids such as lactic acid, development of soluble calcium salts and leaching [12].…”

Section: Corrosion and Degradation Of Structural Materials In Farm Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the ease with which the concrete agricultural structures are degraded is dependent on the material properties of the concrete including water absorption, density, and compressive strength [12] The data in Table 4 shows the variation in material properties depending on the composition-cement content, gravel, water to cement ratio, sand, and other additions. Apart from the environmental factors, the durability of the structures is determined by metal reinforcements such as galvanized Z-girders, which are common in crop storage silos [11]. Beyond concrete and metal, the durability of timber support structures is dependent on the joint reinforcements, environmental factors such as exposure to harsh environmental conditions, and treatment [10].…”

Section: Corrosion and Degradation Of Structural Materials In Farm Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 7. Relationship between relative humidity, rapeseed oil, and corrosion of silos [11]. "Reproduced with permission from Cleland…”

Section: Organic Acids and Impact Of Dissociation Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from structures that are in direct contact with manure, agricultural effluents, waste, and other liquids, the durability of the materials used in the construction of silos is impacted by heat and moisture [11]. Cleland noted that silos constructed using galvanized steel were corroded over time, even though stainless steel offers long-term protection against corrosion.…”

Section: Crop Storage Silosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability Issues and Corrosion of Structural Materials and Systems in Farm Environment

Maraveas

2020

Applied Sciences

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This review paper investigated the durability and corrosion of materials used in the construction of agricultural buildings. Even though concrete and metal were the materials of choice in the construction of farm structures, they are susceptible to corrosion and environmental degradation. Acid attacks result in the oxidation of metals and mass losses and reduced compressive strength of the metal structures. Concrete structures are degraded in high humidity environments, such as lagoons, agricultural effluents, and animal manure. Poultry, cow, and pig manure contain variable quantities of corrosion-inducing chemicals, such as sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. However, the degradation of concrete structures can be mitigated by the utilization of modified concrete containing sulfur, fly ash, silica fume, and nanoparticles such as silica. Concrete structures made of fiber-reinforced polymers are less prone to corrosion and are more durable. The design for durability has also emerged as a viable option for optimizing the service life of agricultural buildings by adhering to the exposure limits.

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Section: Corrosion and Degradation Of Structural Materials In Farm Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion and Degradation Of Structural Materials In Farm Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion and Degradation Of Structural Materials In Farm Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 7. Relationship between relative humidity, rapeseed oil, and corrosion of silos [11]. "Reproduced with permission from Cleland…”

Section: Organic Acids and Impact Of Dissociation Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crop Storage Silosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability Issues and Corrosion of Structural Materials and Systems in Farm Environment

Maraveas

2020

Applied Sciences

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A review of metal release in the food industry

Jellesen

Rasmussen

Hilbert³

2006

Materials & Corrosion

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The objective of this review is to outline literature on metal release in the food industry. Key results are reviewed from publications with high scientific level as well as papers with focus on industrial aspects. Examples of food products with a corrosive effect are given, and cases concerning processes, storing equipment as well as cleaning and sanitising procedures are reviewed. Stainless steel is the most widely used metallic material in the food industry; however other metals and their alloys are also briefly treated. The review deals with phenomena mainly relating to electrochemical corrosion, but also examples of material degradation as a consequence of wear and corrosive wear are presented.

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Concrete Silos: Failures, Design Issues and Repair/Strengthening Methods

Maraveas

2020

Applied Sciences

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The review article investigated failure, design issues, repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) silos, primarily in agricultural set-ups. The durability of RC structures was influenced by the nature of the bulk solids, materials used in the reinforcement of the structures. Traditionally, high-grade steel has been used in silo wall reinforcement because it is affordable and readily available. However, it is susceptible to corrosion. In contrast, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have better mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) and are not corroded. Additionally, there are limited scalable and facile methods for commercial production. The low ductility elevates the risk of brittle fracture in external pre-stressing concrete repair/strengthening. Beyond the material factors, the existing silo design codes such as BS EN 1991-4:2006, Australian Standard AS 3774-1996, and American Society of Agricultural Engineers ANSI/ASAE EP433 DEC1988 (R2011), and American Concrete Institute ACI 313-97 are limited by simplified characterization of loading/unloading scenarios and exclusion of specific hopper geometries and configurations. The funnel and mass flow scenarios and accumulation of bulk materials contribute to silo failure. In brief, the present repair/strengthening strategies (external pre-stressing, insertion/removal of inserts, shear columns, and FRPs alternatives to steel) do not adequately address the diverse variables that elevate the risk of material failure.

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Corrosion in crop storage silos

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Durability Issues and Corrosion of Structural Materials and Systems in Farm Environment

Durability Issues and Corrosion of Structural Materials and Systems in Farm Environment

A review of metal release in the food industry

Concrete Silos: Failures, Design Issues and Repair/Strengthening Methods

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