Corruption and Referee Bias in Football: The Case of Calciopoli

Distaso, Walter; Leonida, Leone; Maimone, Dario; Patti, A.; Navarra, Pietro

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2004385

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Distaso et al . () offer empirical evidence at match level suggesting a lack of referee bias towards Calciopoli ‐punished teams playing in the 2004–05 season covered by the inquiry. This is still consistent with the revelations of corruption.…”

Section: The Calciopoli Scandalmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Third, and more subtly, players in matches not involving Juventus received unjustified cautions and dismissals that led to suspensions and hence their unavailability for a forthcoming match against Juventus. Distaso et al (2012) offer empirical evidence at match level suggesting a lack of referee bias towards Calciopoli-punished teams playing in the 2004-05 season covered by the inquiry. This is still consistent with the revelations of corruption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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An Analysis of Consumer Response to Corruption: Italy's Calciopoli Scandal

2015

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The literature on economics of corruption is lacking in evidence on consumer responses to identifiable scandals. The Calciopoli episode affecting Italian football in the 2005/06 season serves as an opportunity for an empirical investigation into consumer (fan) behaviour following punishments imposed by the Italian league on clubs whose officials were found guilty of corrupt practices. Using a difference-in-difference estimation method, where the convicted teams are the treatment group, we find that home attendances for treated teams fell by around 16%, relative to control group teams defined as those clubs not subject to league-imposed punishment. We show further that the fall in attendances identified with Calciopoli punishment resulted in non-trivial gate revenue reductions. Our results suggest that a sizeable number of fans of the punished clubs were subsequently deterred from supporting their teams inside the stadium. We explore alternative explanations of this adverse fan response.

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Section: The Calciopoli Scandalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An Analysis of Consumer Response to Corruption: Italy's Calciopoli Scandal

2015

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“…Embora exista bastante preocupação com a lisura esportiva, escândalos como o "Calciopoli" no futebol italiano (Distaso et al, 2012) é um exemplo onde árbitros foram envolvidos em casos controversos de resultados (Alarcón et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Um Modelo De Programação Linear Inteira Para Otimização De Recursos Na Designação De Árbitros Para O Campeonato Brasileiro De Futebol

Añon¹,

Scaglia

Torezzan

2017

PODes

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RESUMOEste trabalho apresenta um modelo de Programação Linear Inteira para a designação de árbitros para partidas em campeonatos de futebol. A função objetivo minimiza a distância total percorrida pelos árbitros e as restrições modelam as preferencias e normas definidas pelos responsáveis pela escala. O modelo foi testado com dados reais do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol da Série A de 2014 e os resultados mostram que, utilizando a proposta deste artigo, seria possível economizar até 38,25% na distância total percorrida pelos árbitros e, ainda, respeitar um limite máximo de duas partidas do mesmo árbitro para cada time e um total entre dezoito e vinte partidas por árbitro no campeonato. O modelo proposto pode ser adaptado para incorporar diferentes regras ou preferências ou, ainda, ser utilizado para escalas de árbitros em outros esportes.Palavras-chave: Designação de árbitros, Futebol, Programação linear inteira, Esporte. ABSTRACTWe consider an Integer Linear Model to address the referee assignment problem. The objective function is to minimize the total distance traveled by the referees while dealing with rules and policies requested by the decision maker. The model was tested with real data from the first league Brazilian championship of 2014 and the results show that using our approach it is possible to reduce up to 38.25 % in the total distance traveled by the referees and also limiting in two matches by referee for each team as well as balancing the number of assigned matches for each individual referee during the tournament. The proposed model may be adapted to incorporate different preferences or even be used for referee assignment in other sports.

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“…Unfortunately, quoting Forrest (), “the world's most popular sport is also its most corrupt, with investigations into match fixing ongoing in more than 25 countries.” The performance of the referees plays a crucial role in this issue. Scandals such as the “Calciopoli” in the Italian football (Distaso et al., ) and the corruption case in the Czech football (Landa, ) are examples where referees have been involved in controversial cases. Other sports are not exempted from controversy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the referees plays a crucial role in this issue. Scandals such as the "Calciopoli" in the Italian football (Distaso et al, 2012) and the corruption case in the Czech football (Landa, 2006) sports are not exempted from controversy. For example, the National Basketball League (NBA) in the United States suffered from one of its own referees getting involved in a gambling scandal in 2007 (Rodenberg, 2011), and some surveys have even reported the existence of racial discrimination among its referees (Price and Wolfers, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Referee assignment in the Chilean football league using integer programming and patterns

Alarcón

Durán

Guajardo

2013

Int Trans Operational Res

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Artículo de publicación ISIThis article uses integer linear programming to address the referee assignment problem in the First Division of the Chilean professional football league. The proposed approach considers balance in the number of matches each referee must officiate, the frequency of each referee being assigned to a given team, the distance each referee must travel over the course of a season, and the appropriate pairings of referee experience or skill category with the importance of the matches. Two methodologies are studied, one traditional and the other a pattern-based formulation inspired by the home-away patterns for scheduling season match calendars. Both methodologies are tested in real-world and experimental instances, reporting results that improve significantly on the manual assignments. The pattern-based formulation attains major reductions in execution times, solving real instances to optimality in just a few seconds, while the traditional one takes anywhere from several minutes to more than an hour.The second authorwas partly financed byFondecyt grant no. 1110797 (Chile), theChile-based Complex Engineering Systems Institute (ICM: P-05-004-F; CONICYT: FBO16; www.isci.cl), ANPCyT PICT-2012-1324 (Argentina), and UBACyT grant no. 20020100100980 (Argentina)

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Corruption and Referee Bias in Football: The Case of Calciopoli

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

An Analysis of Consumer Response to Corruption: Italy's Calciopoli Scandal

An Analysis of Consumer Response to Corruption: Italy's Calciopoli Scandal

Um Modelo De Programação Linear Inteira Para Otimização De Recursos Na Designação De Árbitros Para O Campeonato Brasileiro De Futebol

Referee assignment in the Chilean football league using integer programming and patterns

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