Cortical activation elicited by unrecognized stimuli

Badgaiyan, Rajendra D.

doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-17

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Abnormal IPS activation in children with MLD has also been observed in a range of tasks that involve the processing of numerical information. For example, abnormal activation has been noted in tasks requiring children to perform approximate calculation (Kucian et al, 2006) and exact arithmetic (Ashkenazi et al, 2012; Berteletti et al, 2014). Impairments have also been observed in symbolic (Mussolin et al, 2010) and non-symbolic number comparison tasks (Price et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have also found abnormal functional connectivity between the IPS and various fronto-parietal regions in children with MLD (Jolles et al, 2016; Rosenberg-Lee et al, 2015). Finally, activity in the IPS during the processing of numerical and arithmetic stimuli differs between children with and without MLD (Ashkenazi et al, 2012; Iuculano et al, 2015; Rosenberg-Lee et al, 2015; Berteletti et al, 2014; Price et al, 2007; Kucian et al, 2006). The IPS has long been linked to the representation of approximate numerical information in animals and healthy individuals (Ansari, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired neural processing of transitive relations in children with math learning difficulty

Schwartz

Epinat-Duclos

Léone

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Math learning difficulty (i.e., MLD) is common in children and can have far-reaching consequences in personal and professional life. Converging evidence suggests that MLD is associated with impairments in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). However, the role that these impairments play in MLD remains unclear. Although it is often assumed that IPS deficits affect core numerical abilities, the IPS is also involved in several non-numerical processes that may contribute to math skills. For instance, the IPS supports transitive reasoning (i.e., the ability to integrate relations such as A > B and B > C to infer that A > C), a skill that is central to many aspects of math learning in children. Here we measured fMRI activity of 8- to 12-year-olds with MLD and typically developing (TD) peers while they listened to stories that included transitive relations. Children also answered questions evaluating whether transitive inferences were made during story comprehension. Compared to non-transitive relations (e.g., A > B and C > D), listening to transitive relations (e.g., A > B and B > C) was associated with enhanced activity in the IPS in TD children. In children with MLD, the difference in activity between transitive and non-transitive relations in the IPS was (i) non-reliable and (ii) smaller than in TD children. Finally, children with MLD were less accurate than TD peers when making transitive inferences based on transitive relations. Thus, a deficit in the online processing of transitive relations in the IPS might contribute to math difficulties in children with MLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired neural processing of transitive relations in children with math learning difficulty

Schwartz

Epinat-Duclos

Léone

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Nonconscious perception, conscious awareness and attention

Badgaiyan

2012

Consciousness and Cognition

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Because it is unclear how a nonconscious stimulus is cognitively processed, there is uncertainty concerning variables that modulate the processing. In this context recent findings of a set of neuroimaging experiments are important. These findings suggest that conscious and nonconscious stimuli activate same areas of the brain during performance of a similar task. Further, different areas are activated when a task is performed with or without awareness of processing. It appears that the neural network involved in cognitive processing depends on the awareness of processing rather than awareness of perception. Since conscious and nonconscious cognitive processing use separate neural networks, each processing is modulated by different variables. Attention modulates most conscious cognitive processing and most, but not all, nonconscious processing is attention dependent. Nonconscious tasks that require attentional resources, with or without conscious awareness, are processed using the attention dependent system. Further, because attention dependent and attention independent tasks are processed by separate neural networks, the cognitive processing and modulating variables can be understood better if cognitive tasks are defined as attention dependent or attention independent, rather than conscious or nonconscious.

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Manipulation of the extrastriate frontal loop can resolve visual disability in blindsight patients

Badgaiyan

2012

Medical Hypotheses

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Patients with blindsight are not consciously aware of visual stimuli in the affected field of vision but retain nonconscious perception. This disability can be resolved if nonconsciously perceived information can be brought to their conscious awareness. It can be accomplished by manipulating neural network of visual awareness. To understand this network, we studied the pattern of cortical activity elicited during processing of visual stimuli with or without conscious awareness. The analysis indicated that a re-entrant signaling loop between the area V3A (located in the extrastriate cortex) and the frontal cortex is critical for processing conscious awareness. The loop is activated by visual signals relayed in the primary visual cortex, which is damaged in blindsight patients. Because of the damage, V3A-frontal loop is not activated and the signals are not processed for conscious awareness. These patients however continue to receive visual signals through the lateral geniculate nucleus. Since these signals do not activate the V3A-frontal loop, the stimuli are not consciously perceived. If visual input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is appropriately manipulated and made to activate the V3A-frontal loop, blindsight patients can regain conscious vision.

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Cortical activation elicited by unrecognized stimuli

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Impaired neural processing of transitive relations in children with math learning difficulty

Impaired neural processing of transitive relations in children with math learning difficulty

Nonconscious perception, conscious awareness and attention

Manipulation of the extrastriate frontal loop can resolve visual disability in blindsight patients

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