Cortical and Subcortical Abnormalities in Youths With Conduct Disorder and Elevated Callous-Unemotional Traits

Wallace, Gregory L.; White, Stuart F.; Robustelli, Briana L.; Sinclair, Stephen; Hwang, Soonjo; Martin, Alex; Blair, James

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.008

Cited by 109 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…While Wallace et al (2014) did find reduced amygdala volumes in children with CD, no effects were found for CU traits. Similarly, Fairchild et al (2013) note reduced amygdala gray matter volume in adolescents with CD, but no significant differences associated with CU traits.…”

Section: Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 66%

“…As shown above, research has demonstrated that psychopaths have structural and functional impairments to the prefrontal cortex, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala, both involved in the normal development of punishment association and reward and punishment processing (Baxter & Murray, 2002;Wallace et al, 2014). This potentially provides evidence that psychopaths may be not be deterred from offending or reoffending by severe punishments due to these impairments.…”

Section: Adult Psychopaths In the Criminal Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In contrast to functional imaging, there have been null findings regarding the structural integrity of the amygdala in children with CU traits (Wallace et al 2014;De Brito et al, 2009). …”

Section: Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain imaging research on psychopathy: Implications for punishment, prediction, and treatment in youth and adults

Umbach

Berryessa

Raine

2015

Journal of Criminal Justice

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While there has been an exponential increase in brain imaging research on psychopathy in the past two decades, knowledge on the brain basis to child and adolescent psychopathic-like behavior is relatively new. This adult and child research has potential future implications for the development of new interventions, prediction of future offending, and punishment. This review examines both adult and child literatures on the neural basis of psychopathy, together with implications for the criminal justice system. The adult imaging literature provides growing evidence for amygdala structural and functional impairments in psychopaths, and more variable evidence for prefrontal deficits. The emerging child and adolescent imaging literature with notable exceptions broadly parallels these adult findings and may help explain the development of fearlessness, disinhibition, and lack of empathy. This knowledge places policy makers at a crossroads. Should new biological interventions be developed to remediate these brain abnormalities? Would imaging be used in the future to predict offending? Could imaging findings help excuse psychopathic behavior or alternatively argue for longer sentences for public protection? This review attempts to address these issues at the child and adult levels and provides directions for future research that include the incorporation of biological measures into treatment programs. AbstractWhile there has been an exponential increase in brain imaging research on psychopathy in the past two decades, knowledge on the brain basis to child and adolescent psychopathic-like behavior is relatively new. This adult and child research has potential future implications for the development of new interventions, prediction of future offending, and punishment. This review examines both adult and child literatures on the neural basis of psychopathy, together with implications for the criminal justice system. The adult imaging literature provides growing evidence for amygdala structural and functional impairments in psychopaths, and more variable evidence for prefrontal deficits. The emerging child and adolescent imaging literature with notable exceptions broadly parallels these adult findings and may help explain the development of fearlessness, disinhibition, and lack of empathy. This knowledge places policy makers at a crossroads. Should new biological interventions be developed to remediate these brain abnormalities? Would imaging be used in the future to predict offending? Could imaging findings help excuse psychopathic behavior or alternatively argue for longer sentences for public protection? This review attempts to address these issues at the child and adult levels and provides directions for future research that include the incorporation of biological measures into treatment programs.4

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Section: Amygdalamentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Adult Psychopaths In the Criminal Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Brain imaging research on psychopathy: Implications for punishment, prediction, and treatment in youth and adults

Umbach

Berryessa

Raine

2015

Journal of Criminal Justice

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“…Hence, we expected that higher levels of externalizing behavior would be associated with attenuated cortical thinning in dlPFC, OFC, and ACC (Ameis et al., 2014; Oostermeijer et al., 2016). Moreover, we expected a negative relation between externalizing behavior and subcortical development, specifically in striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala volume (Muetzel et al., 2017; Wallace et al., 2014). Finally, we examined the relation between maturational coupling and externalizing behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal structural brain development and externalizing behavior in adolescence

Bos

Wierenga

Blankenstein

et al. 2018

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundCross‐sectional studies report relations between externalizing behavior and structural abnormalities in cortical thickness of prefrontal regions and volume reductions in subcortical regions. To understand how these associations emerge and develop, longitudinal designs are pivotal.MethodIn the current longitudinal study, a community sample of children, adolescents and young adults (N = 271) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three biennial waves (680 scans). At each wave, aspects of externalizing behavior were assessed with parent‐reported aggression and rule‐breaking scores (Child Behavior Checklist), and self‐reported aggression scores (Buss‐Perry Aggression Questionnaire). Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected based on prior research: dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC), orbitofrontal (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and parahippocampal cortex, as well as subcortical regions. Linear mixed models were used to assess the longitudinal relation between externalizing behavior and structural brain development. Structural covariance analyses were employed to identify whether longitudinal relations between ROIs (maturational coupling) were associated with externalizing behavior.ResultsLinear mixed model analyses showed a negative relation between parent‐reported aggression and right hippocampal volume. Moreover, this longitudinal relation was driven by change in hippocampal volume and not initial volume of hippocampus at time point 1. Exploratory analyses showed that stronger maturational coupling between prefrontal regions, the limbic system, and striatum was associated with both low and high externalizing behavior.ConclusionsTogether, these findings reinforce the hypothesis that altered structural brain development coincides with development of more externalizing behavior. These findings may guide future research on normative and deviant development of externalizing behavior.

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“…In contrast to functional imaging, there have been null indings regarding the structural integrity of the amygdala in children with CU traits [80,81]. Wallace et al found reduced amygdala volumes in children with CD but they noted that CU traits were not efective on this volume.…”

Section: Neurobiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Psychopathy from Childhood

Uytun¹

2017

Psychopathy - New Updates on an Old Phenomenon

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Serious conduct problems are a serious mental health and public policy concern. Such conduct problems are highly related to criminal behavior and are associated with a host of other social, emotional, and academic problems. In addition, serious conduct problems in childhood predict later impairments in the domains of mental health, legal, educational, social, occupational, and physical health. In the past two decades, a signiicant body of research has emerged reining how the key features associated with psychopathy may be expressed in children and adolescents. These researches have focused largely on the presence of callous-unemotional traits, which correspond closely to the afective dimension of psychopathy-core to the construct in adult samples. Several reviews have focused on important theoretical questions related to how best to identify psychopathy in children and adolescents but do not directly address their importance for understanding, classifying, and treating youths with severe conduct problems. So, in the forefront of these studies, I aimed to review the development of psychopathy from childhood. In this chapter, topics related to psychopathy, such as diagnosis and nosology, epidemiologic studies, etiologic factors, assessment, diagnostic interviews, comorbid disorders and longitudinal outcome, treatment modalities, and treatment outcome in samples of children and adolescents, were included.

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Cortical and Subcortical Abnormalities in Youths With Conduct Disorder and Elevated Callous-Unemotional Traits

Cited by 109 publications

References 57 publications

Brain imaging research on psychopathy: Implications for punishment, prediction, and treatment in youth and adults

Brain imaging research on psychopathy: Implications for punishment, prediction, and treatment in youth and adults

Longitudinal structural brain development and externalizing behavior in adolescence

Development of Psychopathy from Childhood

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