Corticosterone plasma concentration in male mule ducks: Effects of sampling sites, repeated samplings and ACTH injections

Noirault, Jérôme; Guemene, Daniel D.; Guy, Gérard; Faure, Jean Michel

doi:10.1080/00071669987746

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…injection of 10 µg per hen (approximately 5 µg·kg -1 BW) 1-24 ACTH (Immediate Synacthen, Norvatis, 2 and 4 rue Lionel Terray, BP 308, F-92506 Rueil Malmaison Cedex) diluted in saline solution (400 µL, 0.9% NaCl w/v). This dose has been shown to induce maximal HPA reactivity 15 min post injection in both laying hens (unpublished data) and in other bird species (ducks, [40]; turkeys and quails, unpublished data). Blood samples (3 mL) were collected from the wing vein into heparinised tubes prior to the injection and 15 min post-injection and the hens were placed in a crate during the period between the two samplings.…”

Section: Adrenal Responsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humeral quality and adrenal responsiveness in laying hens reared in standard and furnished cages

Guesdon¹,

Leterrier²,

Constantin³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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-In order to find out whether furnished cages contribute to improving the welfare of laying hens, humerus quality and adrenal responsiveness were evaluated in laying hens reared in standard (S) and furnished cages (F). Four cage models were used: S5, a standard cage model with 5 hens per cage; S6, a standard cage model with 6 hens per cage; F7, a furnished cage model with 7 hens per cage (with a nest, dust-bathing box, two perches, and claw-shortening) and F15, a furnished cage model with 15 hens per cage (with a nest, dust-bathing box, two perches, and claw-shortening). At 72 weeks of age, maximal adrenal responsiveness was evaluated by measuring the changes in blood corticosterone level induced by the i.m. injection of 10 µg per hen of 1-24 ACTH (n = 15 hens per cage model). Hens (n = 15 to 23 hens per cage model) were slaughtered and the left and right humeri were used for measurement of weight, biomechanical characteristics in a flexion test, dry matter and ash percentage. Basal corticosterone levels did not differ significantly while the injection of ACTH produced a significant rise in corticosterone levels (P < 0.001) of similar amplitude for all cage models. Humeri weights, biomechanical characteristics (elastic strain, bioyield point, stiffness and breaking strength), dry weight and percentage of dry matter were not significantly different between cage models. The humeri ash percentage was significantly (P = 0.03) lower in birds from the S6 cage model (57.4%) than in birds from other cage models (S5: 59.0%; F7: 58.9%; F15: 59.7%). Adrenal responsiveness and major humeral characteristics were not significantly improved in furnished compared to standard cages in our experimental conditions. laying hen / furnished cages / exercise / bone / corticosterone / welfare Résumé -Qualité de l'os et capacité de réponse de la glande surrénale chez des poules pondeuses élevées en cages standard et en cages aménagées. Afin d'analyser si les dispositifs d'enrichissement apportés dans des cages aménagées contribuent à l'amélioration du bien-être chez la poule pondeuse, nous avons mesuré la réactivité des glandes surrénales et la qualité des humérus de poules pondeuses élevées en cages standard et en cages aménagées. Quatre modèles de cage ont été comparés : une cage standard à 5 poules S5, une cage standard à 6 poules S6, une cage aménagée à 7 poules F7 (avec un nid, un bac à poussière, 2 perchoirs, un système raccoucisseur de griffes) et une cage amé-nagée à 15 poules F15 (avec un nid, un bac à poussière, 2 perchoirs, un système raccourcisseur de griffes). La capacité de réponse maximale a été testée en comparant les corticostéronémies mesurées Quinze à 23 poules par modèle de cage ont été abattues à l'âge de 72 semaines. Le poids, les caractéristiques biomécaniques et la composition des humérus droit et gauche ont été mesurés. Les taux de bases de la corticostéronémie ne différaient pas significativement tandis que l'injection d'ACTH induisait une augmentation significative de la corticostéronémie (P < 0,001) ...

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Section: Adrenal Responsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humeral quality and adrenal responsiveness in laying hens reared in standard and furnished cages

Guesdon¹,

Leterrier²,

Constantin³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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“…The present experiments were thus undertaken in continuation of previous studies [13,27] to first investigate further HPAaxis functionality in male mule ducks and having this information in hand, to check for the possible interactions between force-feeding practice and rearing environment on behavioural and physiological indicators of stress and poor welfare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, manipulation such as catching and handling has been shown to induce stress responses, reflected by rises in corticosterone levels in chickens [19,24], quails [28], turkeys [14] and ducks [27]. However, the results from a previously published study [13] showed that force-feeding per se does not induce any consistent increase in corticosterone levels and did not provide any indication that it leads to a chronic stress state, whereas the adrenal glands are fully responsive to ACTH challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing conditions during the force-feeding period in male mule ducks and their impact upon stress and welfare

Guemene¹,

Guy²,

Noirault³

et al. 2006

Anim. Res.

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-The aim of the first experiment conducted was to further characterise HPA axis functionality in male mule ducks during the force-feeding period, by measuring corticosterone levels (Exp. 1). The objectives of the two other experiments were to investigate the impact of different rearing conditions on stress response (Exp. 2) and behaviour patterns (Exp. 3) in male mule ducks. The rearing conditions examined comprised individual (Exps. 1-3) and collective battery cages (Exps. 2, 3), as well as collective floor pens (Exps. 2, 3). The ducks were then fed (Exps. 1-3) by force-feeding for foie gras production or ad libitum (Exp. 1). The highest levels of corticosterone (up to 100 ng·mL −1 ) were measured after initial capture and handling in a large collective rearing pen, transfer to a different environment, initial placement in a net for 10 min and injection of 5 µg·kg −1 BW of 1-24 ACTH agonist. Both force-fed and non-force fed male mule ducks responded to a first physical constraint in a net by a large increase in corticosterone levels. Their HPA axis was therefore functional although the effect quickly vanished, which was interpreted as an indication that habituation took place. Most often, corticosterone levels measured before and after force-feeding during the force-feeding period did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) when the ducks were raised in individual cages, even on the first occurrence. A significant increase in corticosterone levels was observed after the first force-fed meal for both groups of ducks raised collectively, i.e. in cages or floor pens, when the practice involved capture and handling. Following the injection of 0.625 and 5 µg·kg −1 BW doses of 1-24 ACTH, cortico-adrenal responses were significantly (P < 0.05) higher and lower for ducks raised in collective floor pens compared to those raised in individual cages, respectively. This hypersensitivity and lower maximal capacity may result from a chronic stressful state related to repeated acute stress (i.e. capture and handling twice daily). Ducks raised in cages (individual or collective) spent more time standing (less lying) and less time inactive i.e. expressing passive behaviour patterns, which suggest that they were not presenting signs of passive coping or learned helplessness. Behaviour observations did not provide any indication of stereotyped behaviour. during the limited period of force-feeding are not detrimental in terms of welfare. However, they cannot achieve full wing stretching or express a full range of social behaviours as required by the European Council recommendation (Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Welfare aspects of the production of foie gras in ducks and geese, CEC, DGXXIV/B3/AW/R06, 1998, 94 p.). They may also have more difficulty in thermoregulating as indicated by the fact that they had higher frequencies of both panting and watering. In terms of welfare, since signs of acute and possibly chronic stress were observed when the force-feeding procedure involved capture and handling,...

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“…The 10 min delay after ACTH treatment was chosen because it has been previously shown that it allowed maximal CORT level to be reached in ducks (Noirault et al, 1999). Plasma was separated by centrifugation and kept at 2208C prior to analysis.…”

Section: Physiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injection of a high dose of 1-24 ACTH allows to assess maximal secretion capacity from the adrenal glands (Harvey et al, 1980). Conversely, initial CORT level is very sensitive to environmental condition (Noirault et al, 1999) and may partly result from a sensibility to capture. Behavioural tests involved different features including coping with new -E-mail: guemene@tours.inra.fr environment, social isolation, specific response towards human and antipredator strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and physiological fear responses in ducks: genetic cross effects

Arnaud

Mignon-Grasteau²,

Larzul³

et al. 2008

Animal

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Mule duck, a cross between a Muscovy drake and a Pekin female, is reported by the farmers to frequently express fear behaviours, such as man avoidance. The genetic basis of fear responses in mule ducks was therefore investigated in this study. According to a previous experiment, the dominant effect of Pekin genotype was hypothesised; however, due to the absence of birds from the reciprocal cross, a superiority of the Pekin in additive effect could not be distinguished from a direct maternal additive effect. In order to clarify this, ducks from the mule genotype, the two parental genotypes (Pekin and Muscovy) and the reciprocal intercross (hinny) underwent a set of physiological and individual behavioural tests of fear. Both parental genotypes were highly fearful but exhibited responses of different patterns: Pekin ducks manifested a higher locomotor activity, whereas the Muscovy ducks showed a higher avoidance to man. Hybrids expressed higher panic responses and specific fear of man than the two parent breeds. Both hybrids expressed similar patterns and the maternal effects were not significant. Significant heterosis effects were found for most of the behavioural responses, in agreement with the fact that higher fear responses were expressed by the hybrids compared to the parental genotypes. A significant heterosis effect was also found for basal adrenal activity; hybrids having higher basal level than parental genotypes. Maximum capacity of adrenal response appeared to be determined by direct additive effects with a superiority of the Pekin genotype.

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Corticosterone plasma concentration in male mule ducks: Effects of sampling sites, repeated samplings and ACTH injections

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Humeral quality and adrenal responsiveness in laying hens reared in standard and furnished cages

Humeral quality and adrenal responsiveness in laying hens reared in standard and furnished cages

Rearing conditions during the force-feeding period in male mule ducks and their impact upon stress and welfare

Behavioural and physiological fear responses in ducks: genetic cross effects

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