Cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress mediates the relationship between extraversion and unrestricted sociosexuality

Wilson, M. Claire; Zilioli, Samuele; Ponzi, Davidé; Henry, Andrea; Kubicki, Konrad; Nickels, Nora; Maestripieri, Dario

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.003

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, our study suggests strongly that these associations are genetic in origin. As expected, however, extraversion is not associated with HCC in either the high- or the low-HCC group, and this accords with previous studies of other cortisol markers (Munafò, 2006; Wilson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Hair Cortisol and Its Association With Psychological Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study in Adolescent Twins

Rietschel¹,

Streit

Zhu

et al. 2016

Twin Res Hum Genet

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Measuring cortisol in hair is a promising method to assess long-term alterations of the biological stress response system, and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) may be altered in psychiatric disorders and in subjects suffering from chronic stress. However, the pattern of associations between HCC, chronic stress and mental health require clarification. Our exploratory study: (1) assessed the association between HCC and perceived stress, symptoms of depression and neuroticism, and the trait extraversion (as a control variable); and (2) made use of the twin design to estimate the genetic and environmental covariance between the variables of interest. Hair samples from 109 (74 female) subjects (age range 12-21 years, mean 15.1) including 8 monozygotic (MZ) and 21 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were analyzed. Perceived stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale and/or the Daily Life and Stressors Scale, neuroticism, and extraversion with the NEO-Five Factor Inventory or the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and depressive symptoms with the Somatic and Psychological Health Report. We found a modest positive association between HCC and the three risk factors -perceived stress, symptoms of depression, and neuroticism (r = 0.22-0.33) -but no correlation with extraversion (-0.06). A median split revealed that the associations between HCC and risk factors were stronger (0.47-0.60) in those subjects with HCC >11.36 pg/mg. Furthermore, our results suggest that the genetic effects underlying HCC are largely shared with those that influence perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism. These results of our proof of principle study warrant replication in a bigger sample but raise the interesting question of the direction of causation between these variables.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Hair Cortisol and Its Association With Psychological Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study in Adolescent Twins

Rietschel¹,

Streit

Zhu

et al. 2016

Twin Res Hum Genet

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“…Clearly, however, the relationship between differential cortisol reactivity to stress and psychological and behavioral differences between morning- and evening-types represents a potentially important and promising avenue for future research. Differential cortisol reactivity to stress is often correlated with personality differences (e.g., in extraversion–intraversion) and may be an important mediator of the association between personality and sociosexuality (Ponzi et al, 2016; Wilson et al, 2015). More generally, it has been argued that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a fundamental role in filtering information on the quality of the environment and coordinating different clusters of psychological and behavioral traits that represent slow and fast life history strategies (Del Giudice et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is also known about whether life history related differences in psychological and behavioral traits between morning and evening types are accompanied by different hormonal profiles, particularly stress and sexual hormones (see Crespi, Williams, Jessop, & Delehanty, 2013; Del Giudice, Ellis, & Shirtcliff, 2011; Del Giudice et al, 2015; Swanson & Dantzer, 2014). Cortisol responses to psychosocial stress and testosterone responses to sexual stimuli may be important physiological mechanisms underlying the association between personality or other psychological traits and short-term or long-term mating orientation (Ponzi et al, 2016; Wilson et al, 2015; Zilioli et al, 2016). However, only a few studies to date have examined hormonal profiles of morning- and evening-types (Maestripieri, 2014; Randler et al, 2012; Randler & Schaal, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between morningness–eveningness, psychosocial variables, and cortisol reactivity to stress from a life history perspective.

Marvel-Coen¹,

Nickels²,

Maestripieri³

2018

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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Consistent with the hypothesis that some of the psychological, behavioral, and physiological characteristics of morning- and evening-types may represent adaptations to slow and fast life histories, respectively, this study investigated variation in time perspective (i.e., being present- vs. future-oriented), impulsivity, cooperation and competition, self-perceived social status, and cortisol and testosterone concentrations in baseline conditions and in response to psychosocial stress in relation to morningness–eveningness. Study participants were 60 male and 60 female young adults, mostly college students. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information and to assess morningness–eveningness, impulsivity, time perspective, and self-perceived social status. Cooperative and competitive tendencies were assessed with an Ultimatum Game, an iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Game, and a Prosocial Risk-Taking Task. Half of the study participants underwent a standardized procedure that elicits psychosocial stress (the Trier Social Stress Test) and half served as controls. Three saliva samples were obtained before and after the TSST or the control condition and later assayed for testosterone and cortisol concentrations. Consistent with our hypotheses, morning-types were more future-oriented, more cooperative in the Prisoner’s dilemma (men, not women), and perceived themselves to be of lower social status than evening-types. Furthermore, morning-types had a significantly greater cortisol response to stress than evening-types. Some of our findings support the functional interpretation of morningness–eveningness from a life history perspective. In particular, higher physiological reactivity to psychosocial stress among morning-types may be associated with their reported lower extraversion and be one of the factors contributing to some aspects of their slow life history strategy, including their avoidance of short-term mating strategies, lower sexual competitiveness, and lower social status.

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“…Early research examining the relationship between introversion and negative and stressful experiences has often done so in decontextualized settings with select stimuli. In lab settings, for example, introverts have generally demonstrated more physiological and/or affective reactivity to stressors compared to extraverts (De Pascalis et al, 2016; Evans et al, 2016; Schneider et al, 2012; Tyrka et al, 2007; Wilson et al, 2015; Xin et al, 2017; Yamaoka, 2014). Vignette studies, on the other hand, have suggested that introversion may be related to other components of the stress experience besides reactivity (see “Transactional Model of Stress and Coping” [Lazarus & Folkman, 1984, pp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introversion and the frequency and intensity of daily uplifts and hassles

DeMeo

Smyth

Scott

et al. 2022

Journal of Personality

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Objective There is reason to believe that introversion may relate to different patterns of negative and positive experiences in everyday life (“hassles” and “uplifts”), but there is little evidence for this based on reports made in daily life as events occur. We thus extend the literature by using data from ecological momentary assessments to examine whether introversion is associated with either the frequency or intensity of hassles and uplifts. Method Participants (N = 242) were community‐dwelling adults (63% Black, 24% Hispanic; ages 25‐65; 65% women) who completed baseline measures of personality and mental health, followed by reports of hassles and uplifts 5x/day for 14 days. We present associations between introversion and hassles/uplifts both with and without controlling for mood‐related factors (neuroticism, recent symptoms of depression, and anxiety). Results Introversion was associated with reporting less frequent and less enjoyable uplifts, but not with overall hassle frequency or unpleasantness; exploratory analyses suggest associations with specific types of hassles. Conclusions Our results expand understanding of the role of introversion in everyday experiences, suggesting an overall association between introversion and uplifts (but not hassles, broadly) in daily life. Better understanding of such connections may inform future research to determine mechanisms by which introversion relates to health.

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Cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress mediates the relationship between extraversion and unrestricted sociosexuality

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Hair Cortisol and Its Association With Psychological Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study in Adolescent Twins

Hair Cortisol and Its Association With Psychological Risk Factors for Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study in Adolescent Twins

The relationship between morningness–eveningness, psychosocial variables, and cortisol reactivity to stress from a life history perspective.

Introversion and the frequency and intensity of daily uplifts and hassles

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