Cosmic Black-Body Radiation.

Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. G.; Wilkinson, David T.

doi:10.1086/148306

Cited by 606 publications

(285 citation statements)

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“…In 1929, Hubble discovered direct evidence for the expansion of the universe (Hubble, 1929), thus removing the original motivation for the Λ term. 1 In 1965, the discovery and interpretation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB; Penzias and Wilson 1965;Dicke et al 1965) provided the pivotal evidence for a hot big bang origin of the cosmos.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

et al. 2013

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The accelerating expansion of the universe is the most surprising cosmological discovery in many decades, implying that the universe is dominated by some form of "dark energy" with exotic physical properties, or that Einstein's theory of gravity breaks down on cosmological scales. The profound implications of cosmic acceleration have inspired ambitious efforts to understand its origin, with experiments that aim to measure the history of expansion and growth of structure with percent-level precision or higher. We review in detail the four most well established methods for making such measurements: Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), weak gravitational lensing, and the abundance of galaxy clusters. We pay particular attention to the systematic uncertainties in these techniques and to strategies for controlling them at the level needed to exploit "Stage IV" dark energy facilities such as BigBOSS, LSST, Euclid, and WFIRST. We briefly review a number of other approaches including redshift-space distortions, the Alcock-Paczynski effect, and direct measurements of the Hubble constant H 0 . We present extensive forecasts for constraints on the dark energy equation of state and parameterized deviations from General Relativity, achievable with Stage III and Stage IV experimental programs that incorporate supernovae, BAO, weak lensing, and cosmic microwave background data. We also show the level of precision required for clusters or other methods to provide constraints competitive with those of these fiducial programs. We emphasize the value of a balanced program that employs several of the most powerful methods in combination, both to cross-check systematic uncertainties and to take advantage of complementary information. Surveys to probe cosmic acceleration produce data sets that support a wide range of scientific investigations, and they continue the longstanding astronomical tradition of mapping the universe in ever greater detail over ever larger scales.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

et al. 2013

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“…For example, an anisotropic spin distribution in the lab frame could occur if the neutrino has a sufficiently large magnetic dipole moment such that helicity eigenstates become mixed while propagating through the Galactic magnetic fields. 2 The amount of time that the neutrinos have been subjected to these fields and the amplitudes of the fields depend on the arrival directions of the neutrinos at the Sun. The neutrinos that have spent more time traversing regions of large fields will have mixed helicities, while those that have spent little time in the fields will remain in pure helicity states.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, these relic neutrinos are predicted to have a temperature of T ν ≈ 1.95 K [2]. Because they are at least partially nonrelativistic, their distribution should be gravitationally perturbed as they free-stream towards us.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring anisotropies in the cosmic neutrino background

Lisanti

Tully

2014

Phys. Rev. D

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Neutrino capture on tritium has emerged as a promising method for detecting the cosmic neutrino background (CνB). We show that relic neutrinos are captured most readily when their spin vectors are anti-aligned with the polarization axis of the tritium nuclei and when they approach along the direction of polarization. As a result, CνB observatories may measure anisotropies in the cosmic neutrino velocity and spin distributions by polarizing the tritium targets. A small dipole anisotropy in the CνB is expected due to the peculiar velocity of the lab frame with respect to the cosmic frame and due to late-time gravitational effects. The PTOLEMY experiment, a tritium observatory currently under construction, should observe a nearly isotropic background. This would serve as a strong test of the cosmological origin of a potential signal. The polarized-target measurements may also constrain non-standard neutrino interactions that would induce larger anisotropies and help discriminate between Majorana versus Dirac neutrinos.

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“…Lemaître is now remembered for the wrong reason, namely for his primordial atom model (that was so far from reality), and never for his fabulous insight and wonderful cosmological model of 1927, so much advanced to his time that not even the greatest physicists of the epoch, Einstein included, could understand. Exactly the same misunderstanding happens with Hoyle, who is now only remembered as the proposer of the discredited steady state theory of the universe, which proved to be the wrong model in the end; and for having prevented the teaching of the Universe's expansion in Cambridge for decades, even much after the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation was detected [74][75][76] (also, his panspermia ideas did not help at all). However, this attitude was just because he considered that such an incredible blow of space, which he called the Big Bang and is now called inflation, and has become the standard theory of the universe origin, was absolutely impossible to happen, it could not be in his understanding.…”

Section: The 'Free Lunch' Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“All That Matter ... in One Big Bang ...,” & Other Cosmological Singularities

Elizalde¹

2018

Preprint

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Abstract:The first part of this paper contains a brief description of the beginnings of modern cosmology, which, the author will argue, was most likely born in the year 1912. Some of the pieces of evidence presented here have emerged from recent research in the history of science and are not usually shared with the general audiences in popular science books. In particular, the issue of the correct formulation of the original Big Bang concept, according to the precise words of Fred Hoyle, is discussed. Too often, this point is very deficiently explained (when not just misleadingly) in most of the available generalist literature. Other frequent uses of the same words, Big Bang, as to name the initial singularity of the cosmos, and also whole cosmological models, are then addressed, as evolutions of its original meaning. Quantum and inflationary additions to the celebrated singularity theorems by Penrose, Geroch, Hawking and others led to subsequent results by Borde, Guth and Vilenkin. Additionally, corresponding corrections to the Einstein field equations have originated, in particular, R 2 , f (R), and scalar-tensor gravities, giving rise to a plethora of new singularities. For completeness, an updated table with a classification of the same is given.

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Cosmic Black-Body Radiation.

Cited by 606 publications

References 0 publications

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

Measuring anisotropies in the cosmic neutrino background

“All That Matter ... in One Big Bang ...,” & Other Cosmological Singularities

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Cosmic Black-Body Radiation.

Cited by 606 publications

References 0 publications

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

Observational probes of cosmic acceleration

Measuring anisotropies in the cosmic neutrino background

&ldquo;All That Matter ... in One Big Bang ...,&rdquo; &amp; Other Cosmological Singularities

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“All That Matter ... in One Big Bang ...,” & Other Cosmological Singularities