Cost-effective CO2 emission reduction through heat, power and biofuel production from woody biomass: A spatially explicit comparison of conversion technologies

Schmidt, Johannes; Leduc, Sylvain; Dotzauer, Erik; Kindermann, Georg; Schmid, Erwin

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.11.007

Cited by 84 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Owing to this, there is a closed CO 2 cycle in the natural environment that is contrary to the processing of fossil fuels to generate heat, in the case of which the quantity of the carbon dioxide emitted to the natural environment (as added value) is not counterbalanced in any way. The conversion of biomass is a renewable process and thus does not cause CO 2 content to rise in the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect to increase [6][7][8].Renewable energy sources contribute to environmental protection and mitigation measures against the adverse impact of the power engineering industry based on fossil fuels [9][10][11]. Lower content of ash and lower quantity of heavy metals released into the natural environment, owing to the use of biomass, accounts for the increasing popularity of this alternative energy source [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversification and Environmental Impact Assessment of Plant Biomass Energy Use

Maj¹

2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Biomass is an environmentally friendly alternative energy source for the energy sector, which is more and more widely used by both individual electricity generators (distributed generation) and power engineering plants (power engineering industry) [1]. Energy produced from biomass is the least capital-intensive renewable energy source because of the optional self-contained production. 220 billion Mg of dry mass is obtained this way on an annual basis globally [2], and in Poland biomass output amounts to 15-20 million Mg of coal [3]. In the course of the biomass incineration process, i.e. conversion of the chemical energy contained in the biomass into thermal energy, CO 2 emissions are counterbalanced by the quantity of the carbon dioxide absorbed by plants during growth [2,4,5]. Owing to this, there is a closed CO 2 cycle in the natural environment that is contrary to the processing of fossil fuels to generate heat, in the case of which the quantity of the carbon dioxide emitted to the natural environment (as added value) is not counterbalanced in any way. The conversion of biomass is a renewable process and thus does not cause CO 2 content to rise in the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect to increase [6][7][8].Renewable energy sources contribute to environmental protection and mitigation measures against the adverse impact of the power engineering industry based on fossil fuels [9][10][11]. Lower content of ash and lower quantity of heavy metals released into the natural environment, owing to the use of biomass, accounts for the increasing popularity of this alternative energy source [12]. Reduction of emissions of hazardous substances into the atmosphere is currently necessary and is required by different international political and economic organizations [13]. The reduction of package emissions of harmful substances necessitates the search for new ecological solutions of production of different types of energy [14,15].Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 5 (2015), 2055-2061 Original Research Diversification and Environmental Impact AbstractThis paper studies energy and environmental indicators of biomass in the form of vegetables as input resources, i.e. Virginia mallow, Miscanthus (x) giganteus, Jerusalem artichoke, prairie cordgrass, barley straw, wheat straw, rye straw, corn straw, rapeseed straw, meadow hay, and pine shavings. The study involved the measurement of physical and chemical properties, including the heat of combustion and calorific value of the input resources under consideration. It has been proven that pine shavings have the highest calorific value and that the heat of combustion amounts to 19.20 MJ⋅kg -1 for calorific value and 17.85 MJ⋅kg -1 for heat of combustion with moisture content of 7.23%. The measurement of ash content has been the one of the main aims of the study. Jerusalem artichoke has posted the highest value at 14.69%, and pine shavings the lowest at 0.85%. An eco-balance of environmental impact of respective input resources has been developed by means of the EI environmenta...

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Diversification and Environmental Impact Assessment of Plant Biomass Energy Use

Maj¹

2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…These assumptions rely on a vast literature survey but cost estimates remain uncertain. The influence on model results is however limited as previous sensitivity studies have shown (Schmidt et al, 2010a). Influences of prices and GHG emissions of reference technologies mainly affect the competition between CHP and heat production in single building boilers and community district heating boilers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even in that case costeffectiveness with respect to fossil fuel substitution may be low because GHG emission reduction does not necessarily correspond with fossil fuel substitution (Schmidt et al, 2010a). Also, long-term technological development may not be triggered by these policies because technologies that are close to being competitive on the market are chosen mainly (Sandén and Azar, 2005).…”

Section: Policy Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous sensitivity analysis of the model (Schmidt et al, 2010a) sitivity of results of the scenarios with and without CCS to changes in the fossil power production technology and the availability of an additional heating technology. There are two alternative fossil power production cases: in the first case, only gas is used as fuel while in the other one only coal.…”

Section: Alternative Reference Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MIP model builds on previous work Schmidt et al, 2010b;Schmidt et al, 2010a) Biomass can also be transported to demand regions for direct use (e.g. burning of log wood in local furnaces).…”

Section: Appendix Optimization Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost-effective policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission reduction and fossil fuel substitution through bioenergy production in Austria

et al. 2011

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Climate change mitigation and security of energy supply are important targets of Austrian energy policy. Bioenergy production based on resources from agriculture and forestry is an important option to attain these targets. In order to increase the share of bioenergy, supporting policy instruments are necessary. The cost-effectiveness of these instruments in attaining policy targets depends on the availability of bioenergy technologies. Advanced technologies such as second generation biofuels, biomass gasification for power * Correspondence to: Johannes Schmidt, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Ressources and Life Sciences, Feistmantelstraße 4, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. E-Mail: johannes.schmidt@boku.ac.at 2 production and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) will likely change the performance of policy instruments. This article assesses the cost-effectiveness of energy policy instruments with respect to greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reduction and fossil fuel substitution under consideration of new bioenergy technologies for the year 2030. Instruments that directly subsidize bioenergy are compared with instruments that aim at reducing GHG emissions. A spatially explicit modeling approach is used to account for biomass supply and energy distribution costs in Austria. Results indicate that a carbon tax performs cost effective with respect to both policy targets if BECCS is not available. However, the availability of BECCS creates a tradeoff between GHG emission reduction and fossil fuel substitution. Biofuel blending obligations are costly in attaining the policy targets.

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Bioenergy Potential from Forest Biomass

Leduc

Kindermann

Forsell

et al. 2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Forestry‐based biomass has become a valuable resource for mitigating emissions and conversion production of bioenergy. It can be converted into heat, power, and advanced transport fuel. It has been a major fuel for household heating, but its industrial use for heat and power has been increasing in forest‐rich countries such as Scandinavia or Austria. It has the advantage of not competing for the land for food crop resources and has lower end‐use emissions compared to conventional energy feedstock. Moreover, due to the mandatory energy targets set by each country in the European Union ( EU ), the use of woody biomass is expected to increase and play a major role in the share of the energy fuel mix. This article presents the forest potential dedicated for bioenergy for the EU based on the linkage between a forest and a techno‐economic model.

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Cost-effective CO2 emission reduction through heat, power and biofuel production from woody biomass: A spatially explicit comparison of conversion technologies

Cited by 84 publications

References 51 publications

Diversification and Environmental Impact Assessment of Plant Biomass Energy Use

Diversification and Environmental Impact Assessment of Plant Biomass Energy Use

Cost-effective policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission reduction and fossil fuel substitution through bioenergy production in Austria

Bioenergy Potential from Forest Biomass

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