Costus Root Extract Preserves Thyroid Hormones Levels, Thyroglobulin Expression and Thyroid Tissues in Rats Receiving Valproate Sodium

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Valproate sodium is an anticonvulsant drug. Saussurea lappa (costus) is a medicinal plant rich with antioxidants. This research aimed to assess the protective effect of costus root extract against valproate sodium-induced thyrotoxicity.METHODS: Eighty adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; group I: untreated control, group II: rats were given 200 mg/kg BW valproate sodium orally and daily for 8 weeks, group III: rats were given 300 mg/kg BW costus root extract orally and daily for 8 weeks, and group IV: rats were given combination of valproate sodium and costus root extract. After 8 weeks, blood samples were collected to evaluate T3, T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Thyroid gland samples were handled for light and electron microscopic investigation. The heights of follicular cells, area % of collagen fibers and color intensity of thyroglobulin immunoreaction were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: After being given valproate sodium as an induction, hormonal assay showed significant decrease in serum T3 and T4 and significant increase of TSH. Follicular and cellular alterations were shown by light and electron microscopes. Morphometric study revealed increased follicular cell height and area % of collagen fibers and decreased color intensity of thyroglobulin. In contrast, costus root extract appeared to have a protective role against valproate sodium-induced thyroid injury. Most of the changes induced by valproate sodium were not observed after supplementation with the plant root extract.CONCLUSION: Valproate sodium has serious effects on the function and structure of thyroid gland, and this study shows that costus root extract could have a protective effect against these effects.KEYWORDS: valproate sodium, rat, thyrotoxicity, Saussurea lappa

Ameliorative Role of Saussurea Lappa Root Extract "Costus" on Thyroid Tissue Under the Toxic Effect of Carbimazole Induced Hypothyroidism.

“…In the current experiment, concomitant treatment of animals with S. costus root extract reversed most of the histopathological alterations caused by carbimazole. Other researchers reported similar findings (Alnahdi, 2017;Mahmoud, 2020). Our findings could be explained by the costus root extract's antioxidant properties, which protect the thyroid against carbimazole.…”

“…Costus extract has a high amount of free radical scavenging activity, making it a cytoprotective agent, which causes significant damage to cell components (Bolkiny et al, 2019). Moreover, costus extract was also found to have a modulatory effect on the thyroid hormones (Alnahdi, 2017), as well as serum parameters in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid mice (Mahmoud, 2020).…”

“…These active constituents have various medicinal actions such as anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antihepatotoxic, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antifungal, antiepileptic, antihyperlipidemic and immunomodulatory activities (Tousson et al, 2019). Furthermore, it has been observed that the considerable antioxidant activities of Costus extract have a modulatory influence on the thyroid hormones and attenuate the microstructural alterations in the thyroid gland caused by several toxins in rats (Alnahdi, 2017), as well as serum parameters in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid mice (Mahmoud, 2020). Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore whether the Saussurea lappa root extract "Costus" could reduce the harmful toxic changes to the thyroid gland brought on by carbimazole-induced hypothyroidism in adult male albino rats.…”

Evaluation of the hepatoprotective role of ethanolic Saussurea lappa root extract in female rats experimentally exposed to propylthiouracil

“…The S.lappa roots were supplied from a herb store in Kirkuk, Iraq, and then identified and certified by a botanist in the Biology department/College of sciences of Kirkuk University. According to [12], a weight of 100 grams of the root powder of the S.lappa plant soaked in 400 of 70% ethanol alcohol for 72 hours at laboratory temperature, with continuous shaking from time to time then filtered three times and evaporated to obtain a crude S.lappa extract.…”

“… GII: Rats in the PTU group received 0.05 % orally [13] 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) per day for eight weeks.  GIII: Post-treated by ethanol extract of S.lappa root (P-T-eSL), after being given 0.05% PTU orally every day for a period of four weeks to cause hepatotoxicity, rats were then given eSL 300 mg/kg orally [12] for a further four weeks (from 5th -8th week) to cure the hypothyroid state.  GIV: Co-administration PTU-eSL (CO-PTU-eSL); rats were given 0.05% PTU orally for eight weeks, coupled with eSL (300 mg/Kg).…”