Cotton responds to different plant population densities by adjusting specific leaf area to optimize canopy photosynthetic use efficiency of light and nitrogen

Yao, Hairui; Zhang, Yali; Yi, Xiaoping; Zhang, Xiangjuan; Zhang, Wangfeng

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2016.01.012

Cited by 98 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Previously, it has been demonstrated that there is a significant positive correlation between the CAP rate and the biomass yield of maize after flowering (Hu et al, 1993; Wang et al, 1996); therefore, prolonging CAP can potentially increase the yield of maize during the grain‐filling period (Dong et al, 1997). Light interception, leaf area index, and leaf photosynthetic capacity significantly affect CAP (Peng and Krieg, 1991; Yao et al, 2016). In the present study, we found that an increase in plant density led to a significant increase in CAP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Cropping of Different Hybrids of Maize Optimizes Canopy Structure and Promotes Higher Grain Yield

Zhang

et al. 2019

Agronomy Journal

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Under high‐density planting, mixed cropping planting pattern can potentially optimize maize (Zea mays L.) canopy architecture and ultimately improve grain yield. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of three plant patterns combined with three plant population densities (67,500, 82,500, and 97,500 plants·ha−1) on canopy architecture and grain yield. Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Denghai 605 (DH605) were used as experimental materials. Three different planting patterns were: mixture (M), random sowing after mixing seeds of the two hybrids in the same proportion; 1:1, one row of ZD958 and one row of DH605; and two monoculture systems, SZD958 and SDH605, as controls. A 3‐yr study demonstrated that the mixed cropping treatments (M and 1:1) at low density (LD) showed no significant difference on light transmission, leaf area index (LAI), canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), and canopy respiration (CR), compared with the two monocultures. However, at a medium and high density (MD and HD), mixed cropping was characterized with higher light transmission to the ear and lower layers of the canopy during grain filling than that of monoculture treatments, while no significant differences between M and 1:1 treatments. Moreover, mixed cropping treatments maintained a higher LAI, CAP, lower CR, and increased the whole and post‐silking dry matter accumulation. Grain yields were higher under mixed cropping at MD and high density (HD), while no significant differences between M and 1:1 treatments. Relative to SZD958 and SDH605, the grain yields in the M treatment were 10% and 8% higher at MD, and 7% and 5% higher at HD, respectively. Mixed cropping optimized the canopy structure, maintained higher LAI and CAP during the grain filling period, reduced respiration, and increased aboveground dry matter at maturity. These improvements also result in higher grain yield. Core Ideas Mixed cropping facilitated the formation of a high‐efficiency canopy structure. Mixed cropping delayed the rate of leaf senescence, maintained higher LAI and CAP during the grain filling period. Mixed cropping increased aboveground dry matter weight at physiological maturity, and ultimately led to higher grain yield, especially medium density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Cropping of Different Hybrids of Maize Optimizes Canopy Structure and Promotes Higher Grain Yield

Zhang

et al. 2019

Agronomy Journal

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“…Hal ini terjadi Agustus 2018 karena adanya mekanisme adaptasi terhadap intensitas cahaya rendah, melalui peningkatan efisiensi penangkapan cahaya dengan perluasan permukaan daun. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Kasai (2008) pada tanaman kacang hijau dan Yao et al (2016) pada tanaman kapas.…”

Section: Taraf Nitrogenunclassified

Pertumbuhan Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) pada Tingkat Naungan dan Pemupukan Nitrogen yang Berbeda

et al. 2018

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ABSTRACT Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an introduced medicinal plant therefore requires investigations to establish recommended cultivation procedure in tropical areas. Black cumin seeds contain a various bioactive compounds not only for culinary but also for medicinal purposes. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen rates and shade levels on growth of Black cumin. The activity was carried out in Pasir Sarongge experimental station, Cianjur, West Java (1,117 masl). The research was arranged in nested design with three replications. Nitrogen rates was nested within shading levels. The shading levels consist of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% which resulted in light intensity of 27,800, 17,400, 11,900, and 1,600 lux respectively. The Nitrogen rates consisted 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1. The results showed that shading up to 50% did not affect plant growth and did not reduce seed production. However, shading up to 75% prolong the vegetative period, decreased leaf thickness and plant dry weight. The higher the shading level up to 50%, the higher the plant height, leaf area, number of leaves and number of flower, but not number of branche. Nitrogen fertilizer 60 kg ha-1 increased number of blooming flower and number of capsule set. Keywords: flowering, high altitude, leaf, tropic

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“…Planting density and choice of cultivar are important agronomic practices that have the potential to optimize the canopy photosynthetic rate and crop productivity of any cropping system [5]. Changes in plant architecture and canopy dynamics in response to planting density can have impacts on disease incidence, water use, canopy temperature, and enzymatic activity of assimilate metabolism [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in plant architecture and canopy dynamics in response to planting density can have impacts on disease incidence, water use, canopy temperature, and enzymatic activity of assimilate metabolism [6]. Manipulations of planting density in cotton have remarkable impacts on biomass partitioning, nutrient uptake, boll distribution, changes in the light spectrum, and crop production [3,5,7,8], which can influence yield and profits for producers [9]. Plants at high density can minimize evaporation and irrigation frequency, as well as increase the utilization of irrigation water [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Leaf Structural and Functional Characteristics when Changing Planting Density at Different Growth Stages Alters Cotton Lint Yield under a New Planting Model

et al. 2019

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Manipulation of planting density and choice of variety are effective management components in any cropping system that aims to enhance the balance between environmental resource availability and crop requirements. One-time fertilization at first flower with a medium plant stand under late sowing has not yet been attempted. To fill this knowledge gap, changes in leaf structural (stomatal density, stomatal length, stomata width, stomatal pore perimeter, and leaf thickness), leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence attributes of different cotton varieties were made in order to change the planting densities to improve lint yield under a new planting model. A two-year field evaluation was carried out on cotton varieties—V1 (Zhongmian-16) and V2 (J-4B)—to examine the effect of changing the planting density (D1, low, 3 × 104; D2, moderate, 6 × 104; and D3, dense, 9 × 104) on cotton lint yield, leaf structure, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf gas exchange attribute responses. Across these varieties, J-4B had higher lint yield compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. Plants at high density had depressed leaf structural traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 uptake, quenching (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) in both years. Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits, stomatal density, number of stomata, pore perimeter, length, and width, as well as increased qP, ΦPSII, and Fv/Fm compared with low- and high-density plants. Improvement in leaf structural and functional traits contributed to 15.9%–10.7% and 12.3%–10.5% more boll m−2, with 20.6%–13.4% and 28.9%–24.1% higher lint yield averaged across both years, respectively, under moderate planting density compared with low and high density. In conclusion, the data underscore the importance of proper agronomic methods for cotton production, and that J-4B and Zhongmian-16 varieties, grown under moderate and lower densities, could be a promising option based on improved lint yield in subtropical regions.

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Cotton responds to different plant population densities by adjusting specific leaf area to optimize canopy photosynthetic use efficiency of light and nitrogen

Cited by 98 publications

References 35 publications

Mixed Cropping of Different Hybrids of Maize Optimizes Canopy Structure and Promotes Higher Grain Yield

Mixed Cropping of Different Hybrids of Maize Optimizes Canopy Structure and Promotes Higher Grain Yield

Pertumbuhan Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.) pada Tingkat Naungan dan Pemupukan Nitrogen yang Berbeda

Changes in Leaf Structural and Functional Characteristics when Changing Planting Density at Different Growth Stages Alters Cotton Lint Yield under a New Planting Model

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