“…To illustrate, Poland has made substantial investments in wind power, leading to wind energy's emergence as the primary renewable energy source in the nation (Makrygiorgou and Alexandridis, 2017). Moreover, our findings are in alignment with research outputs from various studies by Sadorsky (2009) for G7 countries, Apergis and Payne (2014) in the case Central, Omri and Nguyen (2014) for high and middle-income countries, Nguyen and Kakinaka (2019) for High-income countries (include Poland), Mukhtarov et al (2020) examining the Azerbaijani context, Karacan et al (2021) investigating Russian cases, Mukhtarov et al (2021) analyzing Kazakhstan, Rahman and, Sultana (2022) for 19 emerging countries (include Poland), and Mukhtarov et al (2022b) for Turkey, Wang et al (2022) for 32 OECD countries, and Mukhtarov and Mikayilov (2023) for Poland, all of which identify a significant and positive relationship.…”