Could formaldehyde induce mutagenic and cytotoxic effects 
in buccal epithelial cells during anatomy classes?

Lorenzoni, Diego-Coelho; Pinheiro, Leon-Penido; Nascimento, Haniel-Serpa; Menegardo, Cristiani-Sartorio; Silva, Ronara-Gerhardt; Bautz, Willian-Grassi; Henriques, José-Fernando; Almeida-Coburn, Karla-Loureiro; Gama-de-Souza, Letícia Nogueira da

doi:10.4317/medoral.21492

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…exposed to formaldehyde. 32,36 The present findings observed in buccal cells also typified the cytotoxic effects of cement dust.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The repeated exposure to cytotoxic agents can result in chronic cell damage, compensatory cell proliferation, hyperplasia, and eventually tumor growth. 36 Exposure to mutagens can stimulate apoptosis and act as a defensive mechanism by removing genetically damaged tissues. Increased levels of apoptosis can be an indication of genotoxic damage that would be related to the process of malignant alterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Instability in Exfoliated Buccal Cells among Cement Warehouse Workers

Krishna

Sampson

Annamala

et al. 2020

Int J Occup Environ Med

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Background: Workers in cement warehouses of Kerala are enduring long-standing exposure to cement dust, which is considered genotoxic. Objective: To evaluate the extent of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity caused due to exposure of cement dust among those working in cement warehouses. Methods: The study included 82 cement warehouse workers and 82 age-matched individuals with no exposure to cement dust. Exfoliated buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt) was performed to analyze the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects caused by inhalation of cement dust. Results: The frequency of various genotoxic and cytotoxic end markers (micronucleated cells [2-fold increase, p<0.001], nuclear buds [4-fold increase, p<0.001], binucleated cells [4-fold increase, p<0.001], karyorrhectic cells [2-fold increase, p<0.001], pyknotic cells [3- fold increase, p<0.001], and karyolytic cells [2-fold increase, p<0.001]) were higher in the exposed workers compared with unexposed group. Increase of these parameters represented an increased level of chromosomal damage, nuclear disintegration and increased cell death among exposed group compared with unexposed group. Conclusion: Continuous exposure to cement dust results in increased frequency of nuclear aberrations and cellular apoptosis. This may lead to defects in genome maintenance, accelerated ageing, increased chance of oral cancer and neurodegenerative disorders in those occupationally exposed to cement dust.

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“…exposed to formaldehyde. 32,36 The present findings observed in buccal cells also typified the cytotoxic effects of cement dust.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Instability in Exfoliated Buccal Cells among Cement Warehouse Workers

Krishna

Sampson

Annamala

et al. 2020

Int J Occup Environ Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The most reported symptom was unpleasant odor since the major uptake of gaseous formaldehyde is inhalation which causes respiratory tract irritation, obstruction of airways and impaired lung function [38]. Prolonged exposure has caused bronchial asthma and DNA damage in lymphocytes and buccal cells [39][40] Furthermore, formaldehyde exposure during dissection might lead to Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated sensitization and specific IgE antibodies against formaldehyde but not Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against formaldehyde-albumin [41]. Additionally, exposure to formaldehyde vapor or liquid formalin may sensitize skin reaction even below 1 ppm and it causes major allergic symptoms and intensified chemical sensitivities [20].…”

Section: ) Formaldehyde-related Clinical Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Formaldehyde in Gross Anatomy Laboratory: Area-Based and Exposure Levels, Ventilation, Health Risk and Clinical Symptoms

Homwutthiwong

Ongwandee

2017

App. Envi. Res.

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Formaldehyde is commonly used in embalming solution in medical fields to preserve tissues. Formaldehyde vapor released from cadavers during dissection practice can adversely affect students and instructors in gross anatomy laboratories. Therefore, this study investigated formaldehyde concentrations in a gross anatomy laboratory of Mahasarakham University, Thailand. Area-based sampling was conducted for three scenarios: (1) a laboratory cleaning period, (2) three periods of teaching classes and (3) a non-teaching class period. Personal samples were also collected for five consecutive working days from two anatomy lab instructors and a non-lab instructor. Measurements were conducted during May to October 2016 using cartridges filled with dinitrophenylhydrazine coated silica gel. Samples were desorbed and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that the average area-based concentrations during the dissection classes ranged from 9.3 to 17.6 ppb, while the non-teaching class concentration was 5.5 ppb. The concentration increased to 3.1×103 ppb during the laboratory cleaning. The five-day average exposure concentrations were 7.6 ppb and 4.7 ppb for the two lab instructors and 1.1 ppb for the non-lab instructor. The lifetime cancer risk estimates were 5.8×10-6, 2.9×10-6 and 8.1×10-7, respectively. The three most reported clinical symptoms by the gross anatomy students were associated with formaldehyde concentrations above 16 ppb at the significance level of 0.05. These included unpleasant odor, general fatigue or fatigue after awakening and dizziness with response rates of 57.5 %, 38.5 % and 33.1 %, respectively. Improvement of the ventilation and source control measures are essential for reducing formaldehyde emissions in the gross anatomy laboratory.

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“…This biomarker has been linked to an increased cancer risk [ 23 ]. In a recent study among students in Brazil, the baseline frequency of micronucleated cells of buccal epithelial tissue was significantly increased (twofold after one month and threefold after 3.5 months) following 30–90 h of exposure to FA during human anatomy classes [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Work Practices for Safe Use of Formaldehyde in a University-Based Anatomy Teaching and Research Facility

Scheepers

Graumans

Beckmann

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Anatomy teaching and research relies on the use of formaldehyde (FA) as a preservation agent for human and animal tissues. Due to the recent classification of FA as a carcinogen, university hospitals are facing a challenge to (further) reduce exposure to FA. The aim of this study was to reduce exposure to FA in the anatomy teaching and research facility. Workers participated in the development of improved work practices, both technical and organizational solutions. Over a period of 6 years mitigating measures were introduced, including improvement of a down-flow ventilation system, introduction of local exhaust ventilation, collection of drain liquid from displayed specimens in closed containers and leak prevention. Furthermore, some organizational changes were made to reduce the number of FA peak exposures. Stationary and personal air sampling was performed in three different campaigns to assess the effect of these new work practices on inhalation exposure to FA. Samples were collected over 8 h (full shift) and 15 min (task-based) to support mitigation of exposure and improvement of work practices. Air was collected on an adsorbent coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and analyzed by HPLC-UV. Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of FA in the breathing zone over a work-shift were 123 µg/m3 in 2012 and 114 µg/m3 in 2014, exceeding the workplace standard of 150 µg/m3 (8 h time-weighted average, TWA) on 46% of the workdays in 2012 and 38% of the workdays in 2014. This exposure was reduced to an average of 28.8 µg/m3 in 2017 with an estimated probability of exceeding the OEL of 0.6%. Task-based measurements resulted in a mean peak exposures of 291 µg/m3 in 2012 (n = 19) and a mean of 272 µg/m3 in 2014 (n = 21), occasionally exceeding the standard of 500 µg/m3 (15 min TWA), and were reduced to a mean of 88.7 µg/m3 in 2017 (n = 12) with an estimated probability of exceeding the OEL of 1.6%.

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Could formaldehyde induce mutagenic and cytotoxic effects in buccal epithelial cells during anatomy classes?

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Genomic Instability in Exfoliated Buccal Cells among Cement Warehouse Workers

Genomic Instability in Exfoliated Buccal Cells among Cement Warehouse Workers

Investigation of Formaldehyde in Gross Anatomy Laboratory: Area-Based and Exposure Levels, Ventilation, Health Risk and Clinical Symptoms

Changes in Work Practices for Safe Use of Formaldehyde in a University-Based Anatomy Teaching and Research Facility

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