Could Sars-coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects?

Caso, Francesco; Costa, Luisa; Ruscitti, Piero; Navarini, Luca; Puente, Antonio Del; Giacomelli, Roberto; Scarpa, Raffaele

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102524

Cited by 270 publications

(268 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous articles showed that a large number of patients report anosmia and dysgeusia. Moreover COVID-19 may lead to symptoms similar to intracranial infections [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions

et al. 2020

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SARS-CoV-2 can attack the central nervous system in the early stages of infection. Headache, anosmia, and dysgeusia are common symptoms. Disturbance of consciousness and seizures can occur as complications in case of severe COVID-19. We described the case of a COVID-19 patient admitted for interstitial pneumonia and seizures. MRI showed newly diagnosed demyelinating lesions. High-dose steroid treatment allowed neurological and respiratory recovery. We speculated a delayed immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2. The virus may lead to a SIRS-like immune disorder or play a role of infective trigger. Prompt invasive treatment should be adopted to avoid hypoxic neurotoxicity and prevent CNS injuries.

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“…Previous articles showed that a large number of patients report anosmia and dysgeusia. Moreover COVID-19 may lead to symptoms similar to intracranial infections [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions

et al. 2020

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“…In a mouse model of MERS-CoV infection, expressing the human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) receptor, MERS-CoV caused pyroptosis and increased IL-1β expression in macrophages [52]. IL-1 blockers, such as Anakinra (and possibly mAb Kanakinumab), may be an additional weapon against the respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19, in view of its effectiveness in patients with severe forms of sepsis and with an inflammatory profile resembling the "macrophage activation syndrome" (MAS) [53,54]. An open label, controlled, multicenter study is analyzing the therapeutic efficacy of Anakinra, together with an anti-IFN-γ mAb Emapalumab, in order to reduce the hyper-inflammation that is caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Efficacy and Safety of anti-IFN-γ and Anakinra (antiIL-1) in Reducing Hyperinflammation and Respiratory Distress in Patients With COVID-19 Infection (NCT04324021) (last update posted: 9 April 2020; last access date: 9 May).…”

Section: Immunological Rationale For Targeting the Immune System To Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment

Prete

Favoino

Catacchio

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The current pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a global health emergency because of its highly contagious nature, the great number of patients requiring intensive care therapy, and the high fatality rate. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs, passive prophylaxis, or a vaccine, the treatment aim in these patients is to prevent the potent virus-induced inflammatory stimuli from leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a severe prognosis. Here, the mechanism of action and the rationale for employing immunological strategies, which range from traditional chemically synthesized drugs, anti-cytokine antibodies, human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, to vaccines, are reviewed.

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“…Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene alleles have been associated with susceptibility to diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 30 . The genetic propensity in southern European populations for mutations in the pyrin-encoding Mediterranean Fever gene (MEFV) may elevate levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, leading to a cytokine storm 31 and greater severity of COVID-19 [32][33][34][35] . Identifying those individuals most at-risk for severe COVID-19 infection, and determining the molecular and physiological basis for this risk, would enable more informed public health decisions and interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of COVID-19-related genes in European Americans and African Americans

Singh

Wurtele

2020

Preprint

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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected African American populations disproportionately in regards to both morbidity and mortality. A multitude of factors likely account for this discrepancy. Gene expression represents the interaction of genetics and environment. To elucidate whether levels of expression of genes implicated in COVID-19 vary in African Americans as compared to European Americans, we re-mine The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) RNA-Seq data. Multiple genes integral to infection, inflammation and immunity are differentially regulated across the two populations. Most notably, F8A2 and F8A3, which encode the HAP40 protein that mediates early endosome movement in Huntington’s Disease, are more highly expressed by up to 24-fold in African Americans. Such differences in gene expression can establish prognostic signatures and have critical implications for precision treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. We advocate routine inclusion of information such as postal code, education level, and profession (as a proxies for socioeconomic condition) and race in the metadata about each individual sampled for sequencing studies. This relatively simple change would enable large-scale data-driven approaches to dissect relationships among race, socio-economic factors, and disease.

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Could Sars-coronavirus-2 trigger autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory mechanisms in genetically predisposed subjects?

Cited by 270 publications

References 11 publications

SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions

SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions

SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment

Differential expression of COVID-19-related genes in European Americans and African Americans

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