This paper puts forward a novel nondestructive method to measure the coating thickness of aeronautical construction materials (e.g. Al, AU4G, Ti and Inox 304L) using the eddy current. First, the forward model of the coupled electric field method was adopted to facilitate the eddy current measurement the coating thickness. The forward model was applied in Matlab simulation. Based on the simulation results, the authors examined the effects of nonconductive coating thickness on sensor impedance component such as amplitude, resistance and reactance. On this basis, an inverse algorithm was developed and coupled with the forward model, and verified through experiments. The results show that our method can measure the coating thickness of aeronautical construction materials rapidly at a high precision. The method has great potential for automated industrial applications.