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This research shed more light on the collaboration process in the implementation of urban farming ecotourism programs at Al-Akbar Mosque Surabaya. In order to encourage environmental sustainability, the government is intensifying food security programs in the urban area of Surabaya. Food security is an essential issue for developing countries, also food is the most basic need for human survival. Based on the Surabaya City Food Security Index in 2021 of 85.25 points in 2022, it decreased to 81.59 points. Surabaya strives to strengthen food security by holding Urban Farming activities at the Al-Akbar Mosque Surabaya, which also doubles as an educational tourism destination. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research types and data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The implementation of urban farming development at Al-Akbar Mosque Surabaya has gone well, and collaboration in the implementation of urban farming ecotourism programs is built based on solid goal agreements. However, there are several findings from this article. First is the lack of commitment to urban farming ecotourism among the stakeholders; second the role of community participation is lacking; third is the insufficient promotion of urban farming as a form of environmental sustainability in the city of Surabaya.
This research shed more light on the collaboration process in the implementation of urban farming ecotourism programs at Al-Akbar Mosque Surabaya. In order to encourage environmental sustainability, the government is intensifying food security programs in the urban area of Surabaya. Food security is an essential issue for developing countries, also food is the most basic need for human survival. Based on the Surabaya City Food Security Index in 2021 of 85.25 points in 2022, it decreased to 81.59 points. Surabaya strives to strengthen food security by holding Urban Farming activities at the Al-Akbar Mosque Surabaya, which also doubles as an educational tourism destination. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research types and data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The implementation of urban farming development at Al-Akbar Mosque Surabaya has gone well, and collaboration in the implementation of urban farming ecotourism programs is built based on solid goal agreements. However, there are several findings from this article. First is the lack of commitment to urban farming ecotourism among the stakeholders; second the role of community participation is lacking; third is the insufficient promotion of urban farming as a form of environmental sustainability in the city of Surabaya.
In light of global climate change and environmental challenges, reducing agricultural carbon emissions while maintaining food security has become a critical concern for sustainable agricultural development. This study examines 13 provinces in primary grain-producing regions, utilising data from 1999 to 2022 to analyse the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and driving factors of the coupled and coordinated development of agricultural carbon emission efficiency and food security. The findings indicate that: 1) The proportion of carbon emissions from agricultural inputs in primary grain-producing regions exceeds 80%, whereas the contribution of carbon sinks from rice, maise, and wheat surpasses 95%. Both agricultural carbon emissions and carbon sinks in the Yellow River Basin are significantly elevated; 2) The general trend of agricultural carbon emission efficiency and food security is increasing, spatially characterised by a pattern of high levels in the north and south, and low levels in the south and high levels in the north, respectively. The integration of the two systems is progressing positively, and the trailing form of food security has emerged as a developmental trend, with the degree of food security limiting the coordinated advancement of both. 3) The overall spatial disparity exhibits a declining tendency, with hypervariable density being the primary contributor to this spatial difference. The overall polarisation of the primary grain-producing regions has diminished. The level of heterogeneity in the Songhua River basin progressively intensifies; 4) Rural human capital and financial support for agriculture, urbanisation rate and soil erosion control, agricultural machinery power and soil erosion control are the main interaction factors. The economic status and rural human capital will facilitate the integrated and harmonious development of the two systems, while the agricultural disaster rate will impede this integrated and harmonious development. Ultimately, policy solutions are proposed to optimise agricultural inputs and raise their utilisation efficiency, adopt diversified regional development strategies, promote regional connection and coordinated development, and reinforce the management of drivers and policy support.
The bay area contains terrestrial forests and coastal mangroves with vital ecosystem functions, which provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and biodiversity maintenance. Meanwhile, the bay area usually hosts intensive socioeconomic activities. High-intensity anthropogenic activities in the bay area have threatened the terrestrial ecosystem and marine environment. Harmonizing the relationship between terrestrial ecosystem conservation, marine environmental governance, and socioeconomic development is crucial for realizing the national “coordinated land and marine development” strategy and promoting sustainability in the bay area. This study constructed a coupling coordination assessment system of the terrestrial ecosystem, marine environmental system, and socioeconomic system. Taking the bay area of the Fujian River Delta as a case study, multiple ecological models were integrated to quantify the coupling coordination degree between these three systems and present its spatial distribution characteristics. Furthermore, the constraint types on the coupling coordination degree were spatially revealed in the bay area. The results suggested that there are significant spatial differences in the coupling coordination degree of the three systems in the bay area of the Fujian River Delta. The areas with a relatively low coupling coordination degree are mainly focused on the central part of the Xiamen Bay area and the southeastern part of the Quanzhou Bay area. Regions with high socioeconomic development tend to present weak terrestrial or marine eco-environmental conditions. The critical constraint factor of the coupling coordination degree in the Zhangzhou Bay area is its backward socioeconomic development level. The backwardness of both the terrestrial ecosystem and marine environmental system exists in most districts of the Xiamen Bay area. In addition, the marine environmental conditions in the Xiamen Bay area are worse than those in the Quanzhou Bay Area and the Zhangzhou Bay area.
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