Coupled heat and moisture transfer

Wang, S.X.; Li, Y.I.

doi:10.1533/9781845691462.235

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation ( 1) found in [19,20], the total atmospheric pressure, water vapor pressure, and room temperature pressure variation are denoted as P, p, and (P − p), respectively. At Equation (1) found in [19,20], the total atmospheric pressure, water vapor pressure, and room temperature pressure variation are denoted as P, p, and (P − p), respectively. At room temperature, the (P − p) value is nearly equal to P ~10 5 Pa. As per the mathematical calculation, the moisture concentration in the air is the function of (0.62 × 10 5 P)/~10 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, L3 layer acts as a transient thermal barrier by regulating the heat radiated from the heater layer to the inner layer L4 of the proposed mask. This helps the wearer to wear the mask in any adverse environmental situation [20].…”

Section: Safety and Efficiency Of The Proposed Mask With Respect To Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the effective irradiance of UV-C device is weighted against the effective spectral peak curve of 260 nm. The effective irradiance effect of the UV-C device was calculated from Equation (2) [18][19][20]. The spectral irradiance, relative effectiveness, and bandwidth are denoted as E λ , S(λ), and ∆(λ), respectively.…”

Section: Safety and Efficiency Of The Proposed With Respect To Uv-c Ledmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective and safe irradiation intensity for the skin application should not be increased above 0.1 µW/cm 2 . The peak intensity limit to 0.5 µW/cm 2 was suggested for irradiation time of 8 h/day [20,22,23]. Hence, the use of FAR-UV-C LED is safer for a wearer with a continuous radiation up to 25 min to inactivate the aerosolized alpha coronavirus 229 E and beta coronavirus OC43 to the extent of 99.99%.…”

Section: Safety and Efficiency Of The Proposed With Respect To Uv-c Ledmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UVC LED and Conducting Yarn-Based Heater for a Smart Germicidal Face Mask to Protect against Airborne Viruses

et al. 2021

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“Wear a mask. Save lives” is the slogan of WHO and all the government agencies over the world to the public. One of the most adopted prevention measures that can limit the spread of the airborne virus in the form of respiratory viral diseases, including the new strain of COVID-19, is wearing a proper mask. If the mask surface is heated to 65 to 70 °C, it could help potentially diminish any viruses or bacteria accumulated. The FAR-Ultraviolet -C (FAR-UV-C) dose for the influenza limit to 254 nm light is ~3 mJ/cm2/hour exposure is not harmful to the human skin and eyes. Here, we propose an intelligent mask served by FAR-UV-C and conducting a yarn-based heater that could potentially be activated in a controlled manner to kill the virus. The effective irradiation intensity for skin application would be under 0.1 µW/cm2. The exposure risk of UV-C is technically prevented by fabricating multi-layered fabrics with multiple functionalities. Along with experimental validation on bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), tinker cad simulation for circuit design, and comsol multiphysics for temperature profile study, we probed Moisture Management Test (MMT) in addition with cytotoxicity risk by MTT Assay for survivability to ensure safer application potential. This novel proposed design with the germicidal combination of heating and FAR-UV-C models, described here, is promising in retaliating and combating any airborne viruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Safety and Efficiency Of The Proposed Mask With Respect To Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Safety and Efficiency Of The Proposed With Respect To Uv-c Ledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Safety and Efficiency Of The Proposed With Respect To Uv-c Ledmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UVC LED and Conducting Yarn-Based Heater for a Smart Germicidal Face Mask to Protect against Airborne Viruses

et al. 2021

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Latest Advances in Development of Smart Phase Change Material for Soft Actuators

et al. 2021

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Using a phase change material (PCM) to convert energy as a specific medium can date back to three hundred years ago, when steam engines took advantage of water that can evaporate into water vapor to convert energy. PCMs enable themselves to absorb, store, and release energies actively to maintain the object temperature on the basis of ambient temperature. PCMs have a robust 20% compound annual growth rate in the global smart materials market. [1] To this date, extensive works have been conducted to investigate the application of smart PCMs in various scientific, technological, and industrial fields, including energy storage, heat exchanger, [2] water treatment, [3] thermal management of electrical equipment, [4] textile and fabrics, [5,6] biomedical and biocarrier systems, and so on. It has become especially popular in the fields of architectonics and textile manufacture. The latest study by Tung et al. [7] proposed to utilize nanotechnology to fabricate PCMs to develop a novel smart concrete, while PCM-treated textiles have been widely used in apparel and home products, [8] in particular a precool vest invented by Australian Institute of Sport at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. [9] PCM composites can be formed with additional or modified properties with six "multifeatures" that are multimaterial, multisystem, multimodulus, multiscale, multifunction, and multidimensional (Figure 1). Impregnating PCM into mechanically stable porous materials can improve stability, while adding metallic pieces or foams [10] can increase thermal conductivity; but it is also limited by the convection reduction or elimination in the liquid phase through combining with fast-response materials into PCM. To maintain the mechanical properties of a material, the characteristic dimension of the internal structure of the composite material is at or below the millimeter scale.

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Coupled heat and moisture transfer

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

UVC LED and Conducting Yarn-Based Heater for a Smart Germicidal Face Mask to Protect against Airborne Viruses

UVC LED and Conducting Yarn-Based Heater for a Smart Germicidal Face Mask to Protect against Airborne Viruses

Latest Advances in Development of Smart Phase Change Material for Soft Actuators

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