Coupled Networks of Permanent Protected Areas and Dynamic Conservation Areas for Biodiversity Conservation Under Climate Change

D'Aloia, Cassidy; Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona; Blackford, Christopher; Chu, Cindy; Curtis, Janelle M. R.; Darling, Emily S.; Guichard, Frédéric; Leroux, Shawn J.; Martensen, Alexandre Camargo; Rayfield, Bronwyn; Sunday, Jennifer M.; Xuereb, Amanda; Fortin, Marie‐Josée

doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00027

Cited by 67 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Given that the accelerated rate of deforestation has resulted in PAs often becoming the last refuge for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes (Laurance et al 2012), networks of PAs should be representative, encompassing all relevant biodiversity targets (Margules & Pressey 2000, D'Aloia et al 2019. Nevertheless, the declaration of a certain area as protected is affected by multiple factors, including its representativeness, the degree to which it is endangered, the species harboured in that area, community support (both local and international), aesthetic issues and the ecosystem services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry forest is more threatened but less protected than evergreen forest in Ecuador’s coastal region

et al. 2020

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SummaryThe Ecuadorian coast has two main types of forests, which are differentiated by their phenology: dry forests are deciduous and more humid forests are evergreen. Less of the dry forests on the Ecuadorian coast is protected (13% of its area) than the evergreen forests (28%), and the area devoted to the protection of dry forests (1069 km2) is substantially less than the area devoted to the protection of evergreen forests (2800 km2). Yet the conservation status of dry forests is more critical, with 83% of their area classified as having very low connectivity, 70% as being highly fragile and 86% as being highly threatened. In addition, the dry forests have fewer protected areas than the evergreen forests. It is therefore necessary to increase the protection of deciduous ecosystems as part of a comprehensive national strategy because they support high levels of biodiversity and many endemic species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry forest is more threatened but less protected than evergreen forest in Ecuador’s coastal region

et al. 2020

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“…Habitat breadth is strongly related to threat status, therefore many species will benefit from habitat conservation. For example, through designating protected areas at sea to conserve important seabird hotspots, movement pathways and foraging areas (D'Aloia et al, 2019;Ronconi, Lascelles, Langham, Reid, & Oro, 2012). At breeding sites, closing colony visitation during the breeding season and establishing buffer zones for land, water, and air could eliminate disturbance and nest abandonment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological traits of seabirds predict extinction risk and vulnerability to anthropogenic threats

Richards

Cooke

Bates

2020

Preprint

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Aim: Here we aim to: 1) test whether globally-threatened vs non-threatened seabirds are separated in trait space; 2) quantify the redundancy and uniqueness of species trait combinations per IUCN Red List Category; and 3) identify traits that render species vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Location: Global. Time period: Contemporary. Major taxa studied: Seabirds. Methods: We compile and impute eight traits that relate to species vulnerabilities and ecosystem functioning across 341 seabird species. Using these traits, we build a mixed data PCA of species trait space. We further quantify trait redundancy with a unique trait combinations (UTCs) approach. Finally, we employ a similarity of percentages analysis (SIMPER) to identify which traits explain the greatest difference between threat groups. Results: We find seabirds segregate in trait space based on threat status, indicating anthropogenic impacts are selectively removing large, long-lived, pelagic surface feeders with narrow habitat breadths. We further find that globally threatened species have higher trait redundancy, while non-threatened species have relatively unique ecological strategies and limited redundancy. Finally, we find that species with narrow habitat breadths, fast reproductive speeds, and omnivorous diets are more likely to be threatened by habitat-modifying processes (e.g., pollution and natural system modifications); whereas pelagic specialists with slow reproductive speeds and omnivorous diets are vulnerable to threats that directly impact survival and fecundity (e.g., invasive species and biological resource use). Main conclusions: Our results suggest both globally threatened and non-threatened species contribute unique ecological strategies. Consequently, conserving both threat groups, but with contrasting approaches may avoid potential changes in ecosystem functioning and stability.

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“…Dynamic MPAs could also track changing environmental conditions by tracking shifts of SST fronts which often harbour aggregations of vulnerable marine predators (Hannah, 2008), or move with species as their range shifts in response to climate change (Hobday, 2011). Dynamic MPAs could be used in conjunction with permanent MPAs to create flexible networks which draw on the benefits of permanent and dynamic MPAs (D'Aloia et al, 2019; Tittensor et al, 2019).…”

Section: How Climate Change Adaptation Can Be Included In Mpa Planninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, there is still a long way to go to embrace flexible climate‐smart planning and management. For instance, dynamic MPAs are a often‐cited climate change adaptation strategy in the scientific literature (D'Aloia et al, 2019), but are currently thought to be politically unfeasible in many jurisdictions (Hopkins et al, 2016a; Tittensor et al, 2019).…”

Section: Barriers To Climate Change Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning

Wilson

Tittensor

Worm

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

141

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Climate change is increasingly impacting marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks, yet adaptation strategies are rarely incorporated into MPA design and management plans according to the primary scientific literature. Here we review the state of knowledge for adapting existing and future MPAs to climate change and synthesize case studies (n = 27) of how marine conservation planning can respond to shifting environmental conditions. First, we derive a generalized conservation planning framework based on five published frameworks that incorporate climate change adaptation to inform MPA design. We then summarize examples from the scientific literature to assess how conservation goals were defined, vulnerability assessments performed and adaptation strategies incorporated into the design and management of existing or new MPAs. Our analysis revealed that 82% of real-world examples of climate change adaptation in MPA planning derive from tropical reefs, highlighting the need for research in other ecosystems and habitat types. We found contrasting recommendations for adaptation strategies at the planning stage, either focusing only on climate refugia, or aiming for representative protection of areas encompassing the full range of expected climate change impacts. Recommendations for MPA management were more unified and focused on adaptative management approaches.Lastly, we evaluate common barriers to adopting climate change adaptation strategies based on reviewing studies which conducted interviews with MPA managers and other conservation practitioners. This highlights a lack of scientific studies evaluating different adaptation strategies and shortcomings in current governance structures as two major barriers, and we discuss how these could be overcome. Our review provides a comprehensive synthesis of planning frameworks, case studies, adaptation strategies and management actions which can inform a more coordinated global effort to adapt existing and future MPA networks to continued climate change. K E Y W O R D Sadaptive management, biodiversity protection, climate change, connectivity, marine protected area network, marine reserve, systematic conservation planning, vulnerability

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Coupled Networks of Permanent Protected Areas and Dynamic Conservation Areas for Biodiversity Conservation Under Climate Change

Cited by 67 publications

References 56 publications

Dry forest is more threatened but less protected than evergreen forest in Ecuador’s coastal region

Dry forest is more threatened but less protected than evergreen forest in Ecuador’s coastal region

Biological traits of seabirds predict extinction risk and vulnerability to anthropogenic threats

Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning

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