Coupling a 3D virtual wheat (Triticum aestivum) plant model with a Septoria tritici epidemic model (Septo3D): a new approach to investigate plant - pathogen interactions linked to canopy architecture

Robert, Corinne; Fournier, Christian; Andrieu, Bruno; Ney, Bertrand

doi:10.1071/fp08066

Cited by 59 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…3), suggests that isolates with a shorter latency period might have been selected during the second part of the epidemic (spring), when the disease was propagated upward by splash-dispersed spores. During the period of stem extension, the longer the pathochron (a measurement of the number of leaves that emerge per latency period [27]), the more rapidly the disease spreads upward in the canopy (33). This may explain why the isolates with the shortest latency period were collected from upper lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes Drive Short-Term Selection for Fitness Traits in the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Suffert

Ravigné

Sache

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cIn a cross-infection experiment, we investigated how seasonal changes can affect adaptation patterns in a Zymoseptoria tritici population. The fitness of isolates sampled on wheat leaves at the beginning and at the end of a field epidemic was assessed under environmental conditions (temperature and host stage) to which the local pathogen population was successively exposed. Isolates of the final population were more aggressive, and showed greater sporulation intensity under winter conditions and a shorter latency period (earlier sporulation) under spring conditions, than isolates of the initial population. These differences, complemented by lower between-genotype variability in the final population, exhibited an adaptation pattern with three striking features: (i) the pathogen responded synchronously to temperature and host stage conditions; (ii) the adaptation concerned two key fitness traits; (iii) adaptation to one trait (greater sporulation intensity) was expressed under winter conditions while, subsequently, adaptation to the other trait (shorter latency period) was expressed under spring conditions. This can be interpreted as the result of short-term selection, driven by abiotic and biotic factors. This case study cannot yet be generalized but suggests that seasonality may play an important role in shaping the variability of fitness traits. These results further raise the question of possible counterselection during the interepidemic period. While we did not find any trade-off between clonal multiplication on leaves during the epidemic period and clonal spore production on debris, we suggest that final populations could be counterselected by an Allee effect, mitigating the potential impact of seasonal selection on long-term dynamics.T hermal variation, including seasonal fluctuations and also climate change, appears to be one of the main drivers of the predicted change in plant disease distributions (1-3). The adaptive response of plant pathogens to thermal variations may involve the movement of pathogen populations, as well as phenotypic plasticity and selection, so that full characterization requires extensive measurements of fitness traits under various environmental conditions. How the seasonality of disease development (e.g., the duration of the epidemic and interepidemic periods, through modifications of the biotic and abiotic environment) will be modified by climate change is a question increasingly addressed in the literature (4-6). In contrast, how seasonal climate variation within a year currently affects the dynamics of pathogen populations has received less attention. However, this knowledge would be very useful for characterizing the potential effects of warming on future population dynamics. Indeed, the effects of seasonal variation are measurable at this time and offer very interesting prospects for experimentation. Investigation of such current effects of seasonality is particularly interesting because they might induce shortterm selection in the fitness traits of pathogen populations that...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes Drive Short-Term Selection for Fitness Traits in the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Suffert

Ravigné

Sache

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…For instance, Wilson and Chakraborty (1998) developed a virtual plant model to study plant disease interactions. In addition, a new approach to investigate plant-pathogen interactions linked to canopy architecture was described by Robert et al (2008) and Casadebaig et al (2012). Finding the proper description of architecture -possibly through integrative variables such as canopy porosity (see above) -and of epidemiological mechanisms remains a major challenge for future work to keep algorithms tractable and simulations possible within a reasonable time frame while maintaining biological relevance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current knowledge on plant/canopy architectural traits that reduce the expression and development of epidemics

et al. 2012

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To reduce the use of pesticides, innovative studies have been developed to introduce the plant as the centre of the crop protection system. The aim of this paper is to explain how architectural traits of plants and canopies induce a more or less severe epidemic and how they may be modified in order to reduce disease development. In particular, it focuses on three key questions: i) which processes linked to epidemics can be influenced by architecture ii) how can architecture be characterized relative to these modes of action, and iii) how can these effects be explored and exploited? The roles of plant/canopy architecture on inoculum interception, on epidemic development via the microclimate and on tissue receptivity are discussed. In addition, the concepts of disease avoidance, canopy porosity and an ideotype unfavourable for disease development are described. This paper shows that many advances have already been made, but progress is still required in four main fields: microclimatology, mathematical modelling of plants, molecular genetics and ideotype conception.

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“…the phylloclimate (Chelle, 2005)]. Most present FSPMs have mainly addressed the representation of realistic plant architecture to assess interactions with the (a)biotic environment (SaintJean et al, 2004;Cici et al, 2008;Robert et al, 2008;Barillot et al, 2014). Based on calculations of local light interception, various FSPMs account for the assimilation of carbon, but assimilate partitioning is generally solved using a supply-demand approach whereby the supply synthesized by sources is shared among sinks according to their 'demand' (Luquet et al, 2006;Evers et al, 2010;Sarlikioti et al, 2011;Bertheloot et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

Barillot

Chambon

Andrieu

2016

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Improving crops requires better linking of traits and metabolic processes to whole plant performance. In this paper, we present CN-Wheat, a comprehensive and mechanistic model of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism within wheat culms after anthesis.Methods The culm is described by modules that represent the roots, photosynthetic organs and grains. Each of them includes structural, storage and mobile materials. Fluxes of C and N among modules occur through a common pool and through transpiration flow. Metabolite variations are represented by differential equations that depend on the physiological processes occurring in each module. A challenging aspect of CN-Wheat lies in the regulation of these processes by metabolite concentrations and the environment perceived by organs.Key Results CN-Wheat simulates the distribution of C and N into wheat culms in relation to photosynthesis, N uptake, metabolite turnover, root exudation and tissue death. Regulation of physiological activities by local concentrations of metabolites appears to be a valuable feature for understanding how the behaviour of the whole plant can emerge from local rules.Conclusions The originality of CN-Wheat is that it proposes an integrated view of plant functioning based on a mechanistic approach. The formalization of each process can be further refined in the future as knowledge progresses. This approach is expected to strengthen our capacity to understand plant responses to their environment and investigate plant traits adapted to changes in agronomical practices or environmental conditions. A companion paper will evaluate the model.

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Coupling a 3D virtual wheat (Triticum aestivum) plant model with a Septoria tritici epidemic model (Septo3D): a new approach to investigate plant - pathogen interactions linked to canopy architecture

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Seasonal Changes Drive Short-Term Selection for Fitness Traits in the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Seasonal Changes Drive Short-Term Selection for Fitness Traits in the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Current knowledge on plant/canopy architectural traits that reduce the expression and development of epidemics

CN-Wheat, a functional–structural model of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in wheat culms after anthesis. I. Model description

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