Coupling between stress coping style and time of emergence from spawning nests in salmonid fishes: Evidence from selected rainbow trout strains (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Andersson, Mariette; Khan, Uniza W.; Øverli, Øyvind; Gjøen, Hans Magnus; Höglund, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.019

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Generally, larvae that emerge early are considered to be more aggressive and to have a propensity for social dominance (Metcalfe and Thorpe, 1992). This relationship has also been verified in studies of selected lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), where the line having a propensity for social dominance also emerged earlier from artificial spawning nests than the line having a propensity for social subordination (Åberg Andersson et al, 2013). Moreover, these lines, which were selected on post-stress plasma cortisol concentrations, the high responsive (HR) line showing high plasma cortisol and the low responsive (LR) line showing low plasma cortisol in response to confinement stress (Pottinger and Carrick, 1999), also differ in several other behavioural and physiological traits (Øverli et al, 2002;Schjolden et al, 2005aSchjolden et al, ,b, 2006aSchjolden and Winberg, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The LR and HR trout have been suggested to show divergent stress coping styles, LR trout being proactive whereas HR trout respond to challenges by a reactive coping style (Schjolden and Winberg, 2007). The time of emergence from the redd also seems to differ between LR and HR trout, with LR fish being significantly more frequent in the early emerging fraction than HR fish (Åberg Andersson et al, 2013). Divergent hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis reactivity has been suggested to be one of the characteristics of different coping styles, with reactive animals responding to stress with higher plasma cortisol than proactive conspecifics (Koolhaas et al, 1999;Schjolden and Winberg, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural selection constrains personality and brain gene expression differences in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Thörnqvist

Höglund

Winberg

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In stream-spawning salmonid fishes there is a considerable variation in the timing of when fry leave the spawning nests and establish a feeding territory. The timing of emergence from spawning nests appears to be related to behavioural and physiological traits, e.g. early emerging fish are bolder and more aggressive. In the present study, emerging Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) alevins were sorted into three fractions: early, intermediate and late emerging. At the parr stage, behaviour, stress responses, hindbrain monoaminergic activity and forebrain gene expression were explored in fish from the early and late emerging fractions (first and last 25%). The results show that when subjected to confinement stress, fish from the late emerging fraction respond with a larger activation of the brain serotonergic system than fish from the early fraction. Similarly, in late emerging fish, stress resulted in elevated expression of mRNA coding for serotonin 1A receptors (5-HT 1A ), GABA-A receptor-associated protein and ependymin, effects not observed in fish from the early emerging fraction. Moreover, fish from the early emerging fraction displayed bolder behaviour than their late emerging littermates. Taken together, these results suggest that time of emergence, boldness and aggression are linked to each other, forming a behavioural syndrome in juvenile salmon. Differences in brain gene expression between early and late emerging salmon add further support to a relationship between stress coping style and timing of emergence. However, early and late emerging salmon do not appear to differ in hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis reactivity, another characteristic of divergent stress coping styles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural selection constrains personality and brain gene expression differences in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Thörnqvist

Höglund

Winberg

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…However, it is important to emphasize that the fish used in the present experiments have been selectively bred for generations and probably are highly domesticated, and that the coupling between emergence time and SCS may have lost during domestication (Vaz-Serrano et al, 2011; Andersson et al, 2013). In this respect, different evolutionary mechanisms could explain this decoupling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence Time and Skin Melanin Spot Patterns Do Not Correlate with Growth Performance, Social Competitive Ability or Stress Response in Farmed Rainbow Trout

2017

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In wild salmonid fish, specific individual behavioral traits have been correlated with the timing of fry emergence from their gravel spawning nests; Early emerging fish display more aggressive behavior and have a higher probability of becoming socially dominant, compared to fish that emerge at a later stage. Apart from aggression and dominance, other behavioral and metabolic traits, such as boldness, metabolic rate, or growth, have also been linked to emergence time. Altogether, the traits of early- and late-emerging fish resemble those of the proactive and reactive stress-coping style, respectively. As proactive fish are considered more resilient to stress, it may be desirable to select these for aquaculture production. However, it is currently unclear to what extent the link between emergence time and stress-coping styles is maintained in the selective breeding of farmed fish. In the present study, eyed eggs from a commercial supplier were hatched, and larvae fractionated according to their emergence time. Later on, juvenile fish from different emergence fractions were subjected to a stress challenge and also tested to evaluate their competitive ability for food. Beyond some slight dissimilarities in the acute stress responses, emergence fraction displayed no correlation with growth rates, or the ability to compete for feed. Within the whole group of fish utilized in the experiments, no relationship between skin melanin spot pattern and growth performance, stress response intensity, or competitive ability was found. Altogether, the differences in physiological traits related to emergence time were not as strong as those found in earlier studies. It is hypothesized, that the origin and degree of domestication of the fish might be partly responsible for this. The predictive value of skin spots or emergence time to infer the fish stress coping style in farmed fish is also discussed.

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“…Taken together with the study presented by Andersson et al . (), this suggests a relationship among stress coping style, time of emergence and socially induced differences in growth performance in domesticated fishes.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…Opposing data were recently reported in a study by Andersson et al . (), where a difference in emergence time was demonstrated between two strains of farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) selected for low (LR) and high (HR) post stress plasma cortisol, resembling proactive and reactive stress coping styles, respectively (Øverli et al ., ; Ruiz‐Gomez et al ., ). In another study, it was shown that LR O. mykiss outgrew HR O. mykiss when the two strains were co‐reared (Pottinger, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between emergence from spawning gravel and growth in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Andersson

Laursen

Silva

et al. 2013

Journal of Fish Biology

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Coupling between stress coping style and time of emergence from spawning nests in salmonid fishes: Evidence from selected rainbow trout strains (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Natural selection constrains personality and brain gene expression differences in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Natural selection constrains personality and brain gene expression differences in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Emergence Time and Skin Melanin Spot Patterns Do Not Correlate with Growth Performance, Social Competitive Ability or Stress Response in Farmed Rainbow Trout

The relationship between emergence from spawning gravel and growth in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

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