“…This puts forward higher requirements for the processing technology and analysis models of arable land quality big data. For instance, Ye et al [40] proposes a new method combining K-means algorithm and sliding window-based partial correlation index method to assess agricultural sustainable intensification and finds that overuse of fertilizer and pesticides remains a major issue to be addressed. Ren et al [41] assessed the land use and sustainable production potential in the black soil region of the northeast by considering agricultural infrastructure, cultivation conditions, and soil properties.…”