Covalent Polymers Containing Discrete Heterocyclic Anion Receptors

Abstract

This chapter covers recent advances in the development of polymeric materials containing discrete heterocyclic anion receptors, and focuses on advances in anion binding and chemosensor chemistry. The development of polymers specific for anionic species is a relatively new and flourishing area of materials chemistry. The incorporation of heterocyclic receptors capable of complexing anions through non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions) provides a route to not only sensitive but also selective polymer materials. Furthermore, these systems have been utilized in the development of polymers capable of extracting anionic species from aqueous environments. These latter materials may lead to advances in water purification and treatment of diseases resulting from surplus ions.

2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1H-imidazole

“…Recently, much attention has been devoted to vinyl and allyl N-substituted imidazole compunds due to their interesting properties and high reactivities. Such compounds in addition to threir flourecent properties (Berezin et al, 2009;Rambo et al, 2010) they can polymerize to obtain chromophoric polymers (Koszykowska et al, 2009). In addition their quaternery salts are acting as ionic catalists (Min et al, 2006) which are widely used in green chemistry applications.…”

“…For chemical properties and applications of imidazoles with an unsaturated side chain, see, for example: Koszykowska et al (2009);Berezin et al (2009); Rambo et al (2010); Min et al (2006). For similar structures, see: Akkurt et al (2013a,b); Mohamed et al (2013a,b).…”

Diversity Oriented Syntheses of Conventional Heterocycles by Smart Multi Component Reactions (MCRs) of the Last Decade

“…The efficient access to macrocyclic structures is still rather difficult. Recent research in this field deals with MCR syntheses of macrocycles, on the approach “multiple multicomponent reaction using two bifunctional building blocks (MiBs)” [ 114 , 115 ].…”

A neutral porous organic polymer host for the recognition of anionic dyes in water

“…2,4,5,[11][12][13][14][15] In one widely explored approach, polymers can be functionalized with molecular receptors that are designed to be structurally rigid with densely packed arrays of donors tailored to the size, shape, and charge of a specic anion. 12,[16][17][18] Anion receptors with positively charged atoms undergo anion exchange to form electrostatic interactions with more electron rich or basic anions in water. [19][20][21] Likewise, Lewis acidic elements can form coordinate bonds with anions in water.…”