COVID-19 and Autoimmunity

Giri, Prashant S.; Jadeja, Shahnawaz D.; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Dwivedi, Mitesh

doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4800-8_3

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…Organ‐specific autoimmunity has also been linked with post‐COVID‐19. There have been reports of type‐1 diabetes following the infection due to augmented proinflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of CD8 + 63 . Another organ specific complication following COVID‐19 is AITD which will be discussed in the following sections.…”

Section: Autoimmune Sequelae Of Covid‐19: Onset Treatment and Links T...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Apart from the inflammatory condition of the patients, several genes are related with COVID‐19 susceptibility and infection, which include HLA‐DRB1*04:06, HLA‐B*15:27, HLA‐B*40, and HLA‐A*11. Meanwhile, HLA‐DRB1*04:06 is found to be a risk factor for probable autoimmune disorder 63 …”

Section: Covid‐19 and Breaking Self‐tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can cause Tregs to undergo sustained pyroptosis, while APCs stimulate the pathologic Th17 followed by neutrophils recruitment and further production of IL‐17. Together with the help of other T helper cells and autoreactive B cells, systemic autoimmunity, including RA and SLE, can be promoted 63,79 . Additionally, Immune cells recruitments can lead to organ‐specific autoimmunity.…”

Section: Autoimmune Sequelae Of Covid‐19: Onset Treatment and Links T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, HLA‐DQA1 and HLA‐DRB1 are linked with IL‐6 involving in disease severity 63 and HLA‐DRB1 has been associated with autoimmune thyroiditis 64 . A genome‐wide association study on severe COVID‐19 patients indicated several single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) related to the COVID‐19 infection, including genes near tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), IFN receptor (IFNAR2), antiviral restrictions enzyme activator (OAS) 1‐3, and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) 65 .…”

Section: Covid‐19 and Breaking Self‐tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, Viral entrance can lead to inflammation in vasculitis through extensive ACE2 present on the surface of endothelium and endothelial cells 77 . Secondly, Molecular mimicry can occur, where the S1 and S2 subunits can mimic various self‐peptide, including phospholipid‐like epitopes promoting anti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS), 78 Ankyrin‐1 in Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 63 . Thirdly, the Formation of neoepitopes, generated through oxidative stress caused by COVID‐19 infection can alter the conformation of plasma protein β2 Glycoprotein I.…”

Section: Autoimmune Sequelae Of Covid‐19: Onset Treatment and Links T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID‐19‐induced autoimmune thyroiditis: Exploring molecular mechanisms

Mohammadi

Dua

Saghafi

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) damages multiple organs, including the thyroid, by direct invasion and cell entry via angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 or indirectly by promoting excessive inflammation in the body. The immune system is a critical factor in antiviral immunity and disease progression. In the context of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the immune system may become overly activated, resulting in a shift from regulatory to effector responses, which may subsequently promote the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. The incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, increases in individuals with COVID‐19 infection. This phenomenon may be attributed to aberrant responses of T‐cell subtypes, the presence of autoantibodies, impaired regulatory cell function, and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. Therefore, insights into the immune responses involved in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease according to COVID‐19 can help identify potential therapeutic approaches and guide the development of effective interventions to alleviate patients' symptoms.

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Section: Autoimmune Sequelae Of Covid‐19: Onset Treatment and Links T...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Covid‐19 and Breaking Self‐tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autoimmune Sequelae Of Covid‐19: Onset Treatment and Links T...mentioning

confidence: 99%