COVID-19-associated delayed posthypoxic necrotizing leukoencephalopathy

Radmanesh, Alireza; Derman, Anna; Ishida, Koto

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116945

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A 50-year-old man with COVID-19 experienced considerable depressed mental status, as well as occasional diffuse myoclonic movements after hypoxia [ 92 ]. On examination, he showed preserved brainstem reflexes with equal sluggishly reactive pupils without grimace or response to noxious stimuli in the extremities.…”

Section: Cns Manifestations Associated With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

Divani

Andalib

Biller

et al. 2020

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health crisis of our time. The disease arises from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on host cells for its internalization. COVID-19 has a wide range of respiratory symptoms from mild to severe and affects several other organs, increasing the complexity of the treatment. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can target the nervous system. In this review, we provide an account of the COVID-19 central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. Recent Findings A broad spectrum of the CNS manifestations including headache, impaired consciousness, delirium, loss of smell and taste, encephalitis, seizures, strokes, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neurogenic respiratory failure, encephalopathy, silent hypoxemia, generalized myoclonus, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19. Summary CNS manifestations associated with COVID-19 should be considered in clinical practice. There is a need for modification of current protocols and standing orders to provide better care for COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms.

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Section: Cns Manifestations Associated With Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19

Divani

Andalib

Biller

et al. 2020

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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“…In the absence of CSF pleocytosis, an intense surge of pro-inflammatory cytokines causes focal damage to the blood-brain barrier and induces edema and subsequent necrosis. [146,147] (Figure. 6) Encephalitis following COVID-19 was reported in 22 patients out of 13 studies.…”

Section: ] Sotocamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological complications of coronavirus infection; a comparative review and lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic

Dorche

Huot

Osherov

et al. 2020

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

186

182

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Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to grow all over the world. Several studies have been performed, focusing on understanding the acute respiratory syndrome and treatment strategies. However, there is growing evidence indicating neurological manifestations occur in patients with COVID-19. Similarly, the other coronaviruses (CoV) epidemics; severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) have been associated with neurological complications. Methods: This systematic review serves to summarize available information regarding the potential effects of different types of CoV on the nervous system and describes the range of clinical neurological complications that have been reported thus far in COVID-19. Results: Two hundred and twenty-five studies on CoV infections associated neurological manifestations in human were reviewed. Of those, 208 articles were pertinent to COVID-19. The most common neurological complaints in COVID-19 were anosmia, ageusia, and headache, but more serious complications, such as stroke, impairment of consciousness, seizures, and encephalopathy, have also been reported. Conclusion: There are several similarities between neurological complications after SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and COVID-19, however, the scope of the epidemics and number of patients are very different. Reports on the neurological complications after and during COVID-19 are growing on a daily basis. Accordingly, comprehensive knowledge of these complications will help health care providers to be attentive to these complications and diagnose and treat them timely.

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“…Leukoencephalopathy is the name given to the group of diseases that affect the white matter of the central nervous system [ 64 ]. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many reports have showed radiological evidence of white matter injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections [ 65 , 66 ]. Sachs et al (2020) first reported a case of COVID-19-associated leukoencephalopathy in a 59 year-old patient that deteriorated 16 days after developing COVID-19 symptoms.…”

Section: Covid-19 Associated Neurological Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%