COVID-19 associated vasculitis: A systematic review of case reports and case series

Wong, Kalai; Shah, Mir Umer Farooq Alam; Khurshid, Maman; Ullah, Irfan; Tahir, Muhammad Junaid; Yousaf, Zohaib

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103249

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This fact together with the autoimmune phenomena described in association with SARS-CoV-2, suggest SARS-CoV-2-induced Takayasu arteritis in our patient. Some systematic reviews of case reports on COVID-19-associated vasculitis have been published [8,9] . Vasculitis secondary to COVID-19 is more frequent in females, in younger individuals and after a mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease course [8] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some systematic reviews of case reports on COVID-19-associated vasculitis have been published [ 8 , 9 ] . Vasculitis secondary to COVID-19 is more frequent in females, in younger individuals and after a mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease course [ 8 ] . Typically, the vasculitis appears approximately 1 month after SARS-CoV-2 infection and has an overall good prognosis with a positive response to treatment [ 9 ] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Virus and Autoimmunity: Can SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Large Vessel Vasculitis?

Mendes

Venade

Manuel

et al. 2022

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Viral infections can induce autoimmune diseases in susceptible patients. SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with the development of rheumatic disease, especially small vessel vasculitis and arthritis. Typically, onset occurs days to weeks after the antigenic challenge and in patients with mild COVID-19. We report a case of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) temporally related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case description: An otherwise healthy 19-year-old woman presented with fatigue, malaise, and chest and low back pain. The symptoms had begun 5 weeks earlier and 1 month after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serological work-up revealed a marked proinflammatory state and anaemia without signs of infectious or autoimmune disease. Computerized tomography revealed thickening and blurring of the perivascular fat of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta, progressing along the proximal iliac and renal arteries. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography confirmed inflammatory activity. Symptoms and laboratory values normalized after prednisolone treatment. Discussion: Recent SARS-CoV-2 infection may be a trigger for LVV, including Takayasu arteritis, as well as other rheumatic diseases. A prompt and thorough differential diagnosis is essential to exclude aortitis and LVV mimickers. Moreover, physicians should be aware of the potential spectrum of systemic and autoimmune diseases that could be precipitated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This will allow timely diagnosis and treatment, with significant improvement in prognosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Virus and Autoimmunity: Can SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Large Vessel Vasculitis?

Mendes

Venade

Manuel

et al. 2022

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another pathological effect of the immune response observed in some patients with severe COVID-19 is a small-vessel vasculitis driven by deposits of IgA-C3 immune complexes (ICs) 113 . IgA vasculitis, formerly known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), has also been reported in children with COVID-19, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be a trigger 114 . SARS-CoV-2 may induce the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6, affecting the glycosylation machinery and leading to the synthesis of galactose-deficient IgA1, which then forms IgA-ICs in blood 115 .…”

Section: Antibodies In Covid-19 Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty?

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses are crucial to fight respiratory viral infections in the current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dynamics of systemic and mucosal antibody infections are affected by patient characteristics, such as age, sex, disease severity, or prior immunity to other human coronaviruses. Patients suffering from severe disease develop higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and mucosal tissues than those with mild disease, and these antibodies are detectable for up to a year after symptom onset. In hospitalized patients, the aberrant glycosylation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies enhances inflammation-associated antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, thereby contributing to COVID-19 pathophysiology. Current vaccines elicit robust humoral immune responses, principally in the blood. However, they are less effective against new viral variants, such as Delta and Omicron. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a particular focus on the protective and pathological role of humoral immunity in COVID-19 severity. We also discuss the humoral immune response elicited by COVID-19 vaccination and protection against emerging viral variants.

show abstract

“…Presentation may vary with livedoid features, retiform purpura and/or acro-ischemic phenomena ( Table 1 ) ( 10 ). Systemic corticosteroids (CS) have shown some benefit, but a clear treatment protocol is lacking due to the rarity and incomplete characterization of these forms, as well as their presentation in critically ill patients ( 11 ).…”

Section: Covid-19-associated Cutaneous Vasculitis/vasculopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous vasculitis and vasculopathy in the era of COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cutaneous vasculitides encompass a heterogeneous group of clinicopathological entities, which may occur as single-organ vasculitis of the skin or present as skin-limited variant of systemic vasculitis (i.e., skin-limited ANCA-associated vasculitis), and are triggered by various factors, including infections, drugs and vaccines. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged us with a variety of both disease- and vaccine-associated skin manifestations, including vasculitis. Among the latter, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, previously known as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, seems to be the most reported in either scenario, i.e., natural infection and vaccination. Vasculopathy without true vasculitic changes on histology develops in but a minority of cases, mostly severe/critical COVID-19 patients, and appears to be the result of endothelial injury due to pauci-immune thromboembolic mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview of the available literature on COVID-19-associated and anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccine-associated cutaneous vasculitis. Although evidence is mostly limited to isolated reports, with a proportion of cases lacking histopathological confirmation, ample overlap with pre-pandemic forms is shown.

show abstract

COVID-19 associated vasculitis: A systematic review of case reports and case series

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Virus and Autoimmunity: Can SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Large Vessel Vasculitis?

Virus and Autoimmunity: Can SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Large Vessel Vasculitis?

Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty?

Cutaneous vasculitis and vasculopathy in the era of COVID-19 pandemic

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About