COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing Applications and Techniques: A Review Post Initial Deployments

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 is a severe global pandemic that has claimed millions of lives and continues to overwhelm public health systems in many countries. The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the human mobility patterns such as daily transportation-related behavior of the public. There is a requirement to understand the disease spread patterns and its routes among neighboring individuals for the timely implementation of corrective measures at the required placement. To increase the effectiveness of contact tracing, countries across the globe are leveraging advancements in mobile technology and Internet of Things (IoT) to aid traditional manual contact tracing to track individuals who have come in close contact with identified COVID-19 patients. Even as the first administration of vaccines begins in 2021, the COVID-19 management strategy will continue to be multi-pronged for the foreseeable future with digital contact tracing being a vital component of the

Health Building Information Modeling (HBIM)-Based Facility Management: A Conceptual Framework

“…Besides the immature BIM-IoT integration (Tang et al, 2019), the potential of BIM-IoT integration in providing a unified framework to enable innovative applications cannot be taken lightly. Due to the pandemic, the IoT linkable technology like Digital Contact Tracing (DCT) has been used to replace the traditional manual-based contact tracing method and proved to be effective in understanding the disease spread patterns and people's routes among neighbouring (Shahroz et al, 2021). The same logic enlighten a new potential for the BIM-IoT integrated application to safeguard the building occupants' health under this pandemic situation.…”

“…Besides that, the mobile tracing app's adaptability brought another major barrier to the realisation of HBIM-FM. For instance, UK's NHS COVID-19 App only has a 28.5% adoption rate, while India's Arogya Setu has only a 12.05% adoption rate (Shahroz et al, 2021). If most people don't use the app, it is hard for an HBIM-FM system powered by the data from these apps to be effective.…”