COVID‑19 induced hypoparathyroidism: A case report

Abstract

Low levels of serum calcium, elevated levels of serum phosphorus and absent or abnormally low levels of serum parathyroid hormone characterize hypoparathyroidism, a rare endocrine deficiency illness. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by injury to the parathyroid gland as a result of surgery or autoimmune disease. In addition, hypoparathyroidism may develop due to genetic causes or infiltrative diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by multi-organ involvement, including the dysfunction of endocrine glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces endocrine tissue damage via various mechanisms, including direct cell damage from viral entry to the glands by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors and replication, vasculitis, arterial and venous thrombosis, hypoxic cell damage, immune response and the cytokine storm. The effects of the new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the parathyroid glands have received limited attention. Hypoparathyroidism has been observed in a small number of individuals as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study describes the case of a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism induced by COVID-19. Clinicians should also keep in mind that, despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 has no known tropism for the parathyroid glands, it can result in primary hypoparathyroidism and decompensation of old primary hypoparathyroidism.

The osteo-metabolic phenotype of COVID-19: an update

“…Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may potentially directly affect the parathyroid glands by binding the ACE2 receptors. Supporting this hypothesis, in the literature also three case reports of new-onset primary hypoparathyroidism due to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported [ 85 – 87 ]. Finally, both hypermagnesemia and severe hypomagnesemia were reported in COVID-19 patients [ 88 , 89 ].…”

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of people experiencing post-coronavirus disease 2019-related symptoms: A prospective follow-up investigation

“…It may be possible that the lower serum calcium level is also linked to the post-COVID-19-related symptoms. There are reports of hypoparathyroidism induced by COVID-19 infection ( 26 ). However, we do not know how many of our patients developed hypoparathyroidism and its influence on serum calcium levels.…”

Biomarkers predicting the 30‑day mortality of patients who underwent elective surgery and were infected with SARS‑CoV‑2 during the post‑operative period: A retrospective study

“…In the present study, liver biomarkers were associated with patient outcomes. It is known that SARS-CoV-2 is a ------------------------------------------------------------- systemic infection that affects numerous organs, including the kidneys, pancreas, liver and heart (20)(21)(22)(23). Liver impairment is present in more than half of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, and this impairment becomes more severe as the disease progresses.…”