COVID-19 treatment options: a difficult journey between failed attempts and experimental drugs

Bartoli, Alessandra; Gabrielli, Filippo; Alicandro, Tatiana; Nascimbeni, Fabio; Andreone, Pietro

doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02569-9

Cited by 67 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 74 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The scientific community has investigated multiple therapies for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19. This spectrum includes immunomodulatory antivirals, therapies with convalescent plasma or hyperimmune equine plasma, anticoagulants, antibiotics, renin angiotensin system inhibitors and glucocorticoids, among others [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Vallejos¹,

Zoni²,

Bangher³

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has changed our lives. The scientific community has been investigating re-purposed treatments to prevent disease progression in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients. Objective To determine whether ivermectin treatment can prevent hospitalization in individuals with early COVID-19. Design, setting and participants: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 in Corrientes, Argentina. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 positive nasal swabs were contacted within 48 h by telephone to invite them to participate. The trial randomized 501 patients between August 19th 2020 and February 22nd 2021. Intervention Patients were randomized to ivermectin (N = 250) or placebo (N = 251) arms in a staggered dose, according to the patient’s weight, for 2 days. Main outcomes and measures The efficacy of ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations was evaluated as primary outcome. We evaluated secondary outcomes in relationship to safety and other efficacy end points. Results The mean age was 42 years (SD ± 15.5) and the median time since symptom onset to the inclusion was 4 days [interquartile range 3–6]. The primary outcome of hospitalization was met in 14/250 (5.6%) individuals in ivermectin group and 21/251 (8.4%) in placebo group (odds ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–1.31; p = 0.227). Time to hospitalization was not statistically different between groups. The mean time from study enrollment to invasive mechanical ventilatory support (MVS) was 5.25 days (SD ± 1.71) in ivermectin group and 10 days (SD ± 2) in placebo group, (p = 0.019). There were no statistically significant differences in the other secondary outcomes including polymerase chain reaction test negativity and safety outcomes. Limitations Low percentage of hospitalization events, dose of ivermectin and not including only high-risk population. Conclusion Ivermectin had no significant effect on preventing hospitalization of patients with COVID-19. Patients who received ivermectin required invasive MVS earlier in their treatment. No significant differences were observed in any of the other secondary outcomes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04529525.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results: The mean age was 42 years (SD ± 15.5) and the median time since symptom onset to the inclusion was 4 days [interquartile range [3][4][5][6]. The primary outcome of hospitalization was met in 14/250 (5.6%) individuals in ivermectin group and 21/251 (8.4%) in placebo group (odds ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-1.31; p = 0.227).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Vallejos¹,

Zoni²,

Bangher³

et al. 2021

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several non-specific immunomodulators include interferons, angiotensin modulators, statins, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and ramatroban (prostaglandin D2 modulators), were also found to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection (Gasparyan et al, 2020). A low-molecular-weight heparin molecule was useful in dealing with COVID-19-related coagulopathy (Bartoli et al, 2021).…”

Section: Treatments For Covid-19 and Emergency Use Authorizations (Euas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, Molecular Targets and Experimental Models

Kanimozhi¹,

Pradhapsingh

Pawar

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recent pandemic outbreak threatening human beings worldwide. This novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection causes severe morbidity and mortality and rapidly spreading across the countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for basic fundamental research to understand the pathogenesis and druggable molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2. Recent sequencing data of the viral genome and X-ray crystallographic data of the viral proteins illustrate potential molecular targets that need to be investigated for structure-based drug design. Further, the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen isolated from clinical samples needs to be cultivated and titrated. All of these scenarios demand suitable laboratory experimental models. The experimental models should mimic the viral life cycle as it happens in the human lung epithelial cells. Recently, researchers employing primary human lung epithelial cells, intestinal epithelial cells, experimental cell lines like Vero cells, CaCo-2 cells, HEK-293, H1299, Calu-3 for understanding viral titer values. The human iPSC-derived lung organoids, small intestinal organoids, and blood vessel organoids increase interest among researchers to understand SARS-CoV-2 biology and treatment outcome. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the human lung epithelial cells using viral Spike (S1) protein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor. The laboratory mouse show poor ACE-2 expression and thereby inefficient SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, there was an urgent need to develop transgenic hACE-2 mouse models to understand antiviral agents’ therapeutic outcomes. This review highlighted the viral pathogenesis, potential druggable molecular targets, and suitable experimental models for basic fundamental research.

show abstract

“…The main challenge in the current management of severe acute COVID-19 (which is now mainly supportive) is the lack of specific antiviral therapies that would be able to arrest its progression [ 2 ]. Although an effective vaccine is now available, there is a lot of time needed to achieve herd immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superiority of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry over Real-Time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection

Rybicka

Miłosz

Bielawski

2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At present, the RT-PCR test remains the gold standard for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence demonstrating that this technique may generate false-negative results. Here, we aimed to compare the new mass spectrometry-based assay MassARRAY® SARS-CoV-2 Panel with the RT-PCR diagnostic test approved for clinical use. The study group consisted of 168 suspected patients with symptoms of a respiratory infection. After simultaneous analysis by RT-PCR and mass spectrometry methods, we obtained discordant results for 17 samples (10.12%). Within fifteen samples officially reported as presumptive positive, 13 were positive according to the MS-based assay. Moreover, four samples reported by the officially approved RT-PCR as negative were positive in at least one MS assay. We have successfully demonstrated superior sensitivity of the MS-based assay in SARS-CoV-2 detection, showing that MALDI-TOF MS seems to be ideal for the detection as well as discrimination of mutations within the viral genome.

show abstract

COVID-19 treatment options: a difficult journey between failed attempts and experimental drugs

Cited by 67 publications

References 74 publications

Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, Molecular Targets and Experimental Models

Superiority of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry over Real-Time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About