CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotides are potent adjuvants for parenteral vaccination with the fusion (F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Formulation with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Prevents Induction of Pulmonary Immunopathology following Priming with Formalin-Inactivated or Commercial Killed Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine

“…Indeed, CpG ODNs have been previously shown to reduce serum IgE in a murine model of asthma (1,39). The reduced IgE levels in the mice vaccinated with FI-BRSV or K-BRSV formulated with CpG ODN correlated with previous observations (23) and supported the ability of the CpG ODN to reduce IgE levels. IFN-␥ was increased in the mice vaccinated with FI-BRSV or K-BRSV formulated with CpG ODN, whereas IL-4, a Th2 cytokine, was significantly decreased in the K-BRSV/CpG-vaccinated mice, which further confirms the role of CpG ODN as an immune modulator (10,33,41,42,49,60).…”

“…The coadministration of CpG ODN with FI-or K-BRSV vaccine resulted in a significant reduction in infectious virus in the lungs after BRSV challenge, so in this study, as in a previous study using the HRSV F protein vaccine (23), CpG ODN contributed to the reduction in virus replication, while non-CpG ODN did not.…”

Poly(U) and CpG ameliorate the unbalanced T cell immunity and pneumonia of mice with RSV vaccine-enhanced disease

“…As a well-known TLR9 agonist, CpG has been proved to promote the activation of Th1 lymphocytes and CD8 + T lymphocytes (33). Our data demonstrated that the overall conditions of RVED mice including symptoms and aberrant T cell immunity were finely ameliorated by the admixture of FIRSV and CpG.…”

“…While other researchers mainly studied the ineffective humoral immunity of FIRSV recipients (7,23), we highlighted the aberrant cellular immunity. With the help of flow cytometry, we were able to examine the secretions of the representative cytokines in different subtypes of T cells with more sensitivity and accuracy.…”

Formulation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, cationic host defence peptide and polyphosphazene enhances humoral and cellular responses and induces a protective type 1 immune response in mice

“…CpG ODNs have been found to increase the immunogenicity of protein antigens, induce IgG isotype class switching to favour IgG2a production, and increase the production of Th1 cytokines, such as IFN-c (reviewed by Klinman, 2004); and CpG ODN-mediated immunomodulatory effects have been found to be enhanced when the ODNs were retained in close proximity to the antigen (Klinman, 2004;Klinman et al, 1999). Hancock et al (2001) found that the RSV F protein, when administered with CpG ODN in the absence of another adjuvant, did not induce significant levels of anti-F total or subclass IgG, or neutralizing antibody. Likewise, mucosal immunization of cotton rats with RSV F protein co-adjuvanted with only CpG ODN resulted in only modest protection from viral challenge and did not prevent the development of enhanced pulmonary pathology (Prince et al, 2003).…”