Cr(VI) Induces DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest and Polyploidization: A Flow Cytometric and Comet Assay Study in<i>Pisum sativum</i>

Rodriguez, Eleazar; Azevedo, Ricardo Cabral de; Fernandes, Pedro Alexandrino; Santos, Conceição

doi:10.1021/tx2001465

Cited by 145 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Cr(VI) has been shown to induce chromosomal aberrations and mutations (Balansky et al, 2000;O'Brien et al, 2003;Rodriguez et al, 2011). In this study, as expected, it was detected that Cr(VI) led to an increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Punica granatum L. protects mice against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxicity

Ávila

Guerra

Borges

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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This study investigated the chemoprotective effects of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) fruits alcoholic extract (PGE) on mice exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Animals were pretreated with PGE (25, 50 or 75 mg/kg/day) for 10 days and subsequently exposed to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) (30 mg/kg). The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow was investigated and the Cr(VI) levels were measured in the kidneys, liver and plasm. For the survival analysis, mice were previously treated with PGE for 10 days and exposed to a single lethal dose of Cr(VI) (50 mg/kg). Exposure to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells. However, the prophylactic treatment with PGE led to a reduction of 44.5% (25 mg/kg), 86.3% (50 mg/kg) and 64.2% (75 mg/kg) in the incidence of micronuclei. In addition, the 50 mg/kg dose of PGE produced a higher chemoprotective effect, since the survival rate was 90%, when compared to that of the non-treated group. In these animals, reduced amounts of chromium were detected in the biological materials, in comparison with the other groups. Taken together, the results demonstrated that PGE exerts a protective effect against Cr(VI)-induced genotoxicity. Uniterms INTRODUCTIONChromium occurs naturally in the environment in different oxidation states, where Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are the most prevalent. The hexavalent form is usually linked with oxygen and is a strong oxidizing agent. Studies have shown that Cr(VI) is a mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic agent, which easily penetrates the cell membrane in the form of chromate anion (Barceloux, 1999;Acharya et al., 2006;Nickens et al., 2010;Chang et al., 2011;Okello et al., 2012). Its molecular mechanisms of toxicity are not yet fully known, but it is believed that the intracellular increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is probably a key factor in inducing cell damage (Ye et al., 1999;Wu et al., 2012). These reactive species can cause damage to macromolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids, thereby inhibiting their functions (Valko et al., 2007;Yan et al., 2012) and may even trigger apoptotic cell death (Liu, Chen, 2006;Liu et al., 2008).Cr(VI) has been widely used in metallurgical, refractory and chemical industries. It has been considered a potent occupational carcinogen among workers involved in electrodeposition, metal finishes/welding, wood preservatives, organic synthesis procedures and in leather tanning (Barceloux, 1999;Shrivastava et al., 2002;Acharya et al., 2006;Nickens et al., 2010). In such activities occupational exposure to Cr(VI)-contaminated dust and aerosols occurs predominantly through inhalation or skin contact (Zagrodzki et al., 2007). Non-occupational exposure to Cr(VI) can also occur through cigarette smoke, automobile emissions and the inappropriate disposal of chromium-containing waste in the environment (O'Brien et al., 2003;Russo et al., 2005).The literature has shown that the administration of antioxidant agents ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Punica granatum L. protects mice against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxicity

Ávila

Guerra

Borges

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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“…More specifically, it is the H 2 O 2 itself or/and hydroxyl radical (OH − ) readily generated by one electron reduction of H 2 O 2 are most potent for DNA breakage (Rodriguez et al 2011). In this regard, we have tested the mitigation of DNA damages by application of Put and found reduction in comet tail length in the Salvinia plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of putrescine on oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in Salvinia natans L.

Mandal

Ghosh

Dey

et al. 2014

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Salvinia natans L. response to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) induced oxidative stress through physiological activities was evaluated. The plants were incubated with varying concentrations (0, 50, 100 µM) of H 2 O 2 and 100 µM of H 2 O 2 supplemented with 1 mM putrescine (Put) in hydroponic culture. This is observed with the decline in proline content and its biosynthetic enzymes viz. γ-glutamyl kinase and γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase activity. Protein carbamylated derivative by protein oxidation was another trait for oxidative damages by H 2 O 2 . The antioxidative enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) recorded to express through in-gel staining with the H 2 O 2 exposure. On nuclear level, plants were sensitive to H 2 O 2 where the DNA disintegration was studied with comet assay and maximum comet tail observed at 100 µM H 2 O 2 treatment. Application of Put reduced the generation of protein oxidation and comet tail length as well as moderated the enzyme activity as revealed through in-gel staining.

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“…The present study focused on the DNA damage potential of Al, which was proportionately evident with the increase in comet tail length with the ascending doses. The effect of Al induced ROS for DNA breakage might be collaborated for tissue disintegration (Rodriguez et al 2011). The protective role of Put like other polyamines on membrane stability is facilitated through the down regulation of membrane bound peroxidase induced ROS like H 2 O 2 and OH − etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidative responses of Salvinia (Salvinia natans Linn.) to aluminium stress and it’s modulation by polyamine

Mandal

Ghosh

Maiti

et al. 2012

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Antioxidative stress response of free-floating aquatic fern (Salvinia natans Linn.) was studied under increasing toxic amount of aluminium (Al) and its modulation by exogenous application of polymaine. Increased levels of superoxide (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) species from affected tissues suggested that plants were undergoing oxidative stress and it was concominant with increased accumulation of Al in a dose dependent manner. Application of polyamine like putrescine (Put) led to a decrease in oxidative stress as revealed by reduced level of O 2 − and H 2 O 2 . Al toxicity resulted into decreased biomass that was ameliorated by the application of Put. The changes observed in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and protein oxidation also indicated that plats are undergoing Al induced oxidative stress. In order to circumvent the oxidative stress resulting from Al toxicity, plants enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant pathways were active. The ratio of both oxidized and reduced cellular glutathione exhibited significant variation in response to Al stress and was improved upon Put treatment. Peroxidase and glutathione were upregulated whereas catalse was downregulated under varying doses of Al. Isozyme profile of above enzymes also showed a trend with increasing amount of Al. The nuclear disintegration study using comet assay was indicative of Al induced oxidative stress. In the present study, we have explored the antioxidative response of aquatic fern Salvinia natans Linn in response to Al toxicity. The application of polyamine Put improved the overall antioxidative response and thus would make it a better candidate to be used as hyper accumulator of Al and other toxic metals.

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Cr(VI) Induces DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest and Polyploidization: A Flow Cytometric and Comet Assay Study inPisum sativum

Cited by 145 publications

References 44 publications

Punica granatum L. protects mice against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxicity

Punica granatum L. protects mice against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxicity

Effects of putrescine on oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in Salvinia natans L.

Antioxidative responses of Salvinia (Salvinia natans Linn.) to aluminium stress and it’s modulation by polyamine

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