Creating Isoprenoid Diversity

Sacchettini, James C.; Poulter, C. Dale

doi:10.1126/science.277.5333.1788

Cited by 519 publications

(415 citation statements)

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“…Trans-prenyltransferases (Bohlmann et al, 1998;Liang et al, 2002;Sacchettini & Poulter, 1997) are involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids from C-5 units. These enzymes usually contain one or more prenyl diphosphate binding motifs, (N/D)DXXD, in their sequences (Bohlmann et al, 1998;Liang et al, 2002;Sacchettini & Poulter, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overproduction, purification and characterization of FtmPT1, a brevianamide F prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus

2005

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A putative prenyltransferase gene, ftmPT1, was identified in the genome sequence of Aspergillus fumigatus. ftmPT1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein FtmPT1 was purified to near homogeneity and characterized biochemically. This enzyme was found to catalyse the prenylation of cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro (brevianamide F) at the C-2 position of the indole nucleus. FtmPT1 is a soluble monomeric protein, which does not contain the usual prenyl diphosphate binding site (N/D)DXXD found in most prenyltransferases, and which does not require divalent metal ions for its enzymic activity. K m values for brevianamide F and dimethylallyl diphosphate were determined as 55 and 74 mM, respectively. The turnover number was 5?57 s "1 . FtmPT1 showed a high substrate specificity towards dimethylallyl diphosphate, but accepted different tryptophan-containing cyclic dipeptides. Together with dimethylallyltryptophan synthase of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis, FtmPT1 belongs to a new group of prenyltransferases with aromatic substrates. INTRODUCTIONTrans-prenyltransferases (Bohlmann et al., 1998;Liang et al., 2002;Sacchettini & Poulter, 1997) are involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids from C-5 units. These enzymes usually contain one or more prenyl diphosphate binding motifs, (N/D)DXXD, in their sequences (Bohlmann et al., 1998;Liang et al., 2002;Sacchettini & Poulter, 1997). Their enzymic reaction depends strictly on the presence of metal ions such as Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ (Bohlmann et al., 1998;Liang et al., 2002). A special group of prenyltransferases catalyses the attachment of a prenyl moiety to an aromatic nucleus. These enzymes show similar sequence motifs and metal ion requirements to those of the trans-prenyltransferases. Examples of this group are the prenyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the primary metabolites ubiquinone (Turunen et al., 2004), menaquinone (Suvarna et al., 1998), tocopherol (Schledz et al., 2001) and plastoquinone (Collakova & DellaPenna, 2001), and the prenyltransferase involved in the formation of the plant secondary metabolite shikonin (Yazaki et al., 2002). All these enzymes are membrane-bound proteins.In contrast, the dimethylallyltryptophan synthase (DMATS) that catalyses the prenylation of tryptophan at position C-4 of the indole nucleus during ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in the fungus Claviceps has been found to be a soluble protein and is active in a metal-free buffer containing EDTA (Cress et al., 1981;Lee et al., 1976;Tsai et al., 1995; Tudzynski et al., 1999). Recently, two further soluble prenyltransferases with aromatic substrates, which are active in the absence of metal ions and contain no (N/D)DXXD motifs, CloQ involved in the biosynthesis of clorobiocin from Streptomyces roseochromogenes (Pojer et al., 2003) and LtxC involved in the biosynthesis of lyngbyatoxins from Lyngbya majuscula (Edwards & Gerwick 2004), have been identified. Very recently, we identified an orthologue of DMATS, FgaPT2, in the genome sequence of Aspergillus fumigatus (Unsöld & Li, 2005). Inte...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overproduction, purification and characterization of FtmPT1, a brevianamide F prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus

2005

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“…They are involved in various biological processes including photosynthesis, respiration, and regulation of growth and development (3). Isoprenoids also play significant roles in attracting pollinators and seed dispersers, defense against different biotic and abiotic stresses, intracellular signal transduction, vesicular transport within the cell, and construction of cellular and organelle membranes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In addition, some isoprenoids have commercial applications as flavors and fragrances, pigments, polymers, and drugs (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Feedback Inhibition of Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase Regulates the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway

Banerjee

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

156

186

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Background:The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is required for the biosynthesis of plastid-derived isoprenoids from plants. Results: Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) was cloned from Populus trichocarpa, and metabolic regulation was tested. Conclusion: Both isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate inhibit DXS by competing with thiamine pyrophosphate. Significance: Prediction of isoprene emission from trees and bioengineering of MEP pathway will be aided by these results.

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“…Two different biosynthetic routes are used to produce isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) for isoprenoid biosynthesis including ubiquinones, dolichols and the prenylation of proteins (Sacchettini & Poulter 1997, Sinensky 2000, Barkovich & Liao 2001. In mammals, plants (cytoplasm), fungi, some bacteria and several protozoa, the isoprenic units are derived from the classical mevalonate pathway (Goldstein & Brown 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With the availability of the complete genome sequence from Plasmodium falciparum, increasing attention has focused on transcript profiling and proteomic analyses of the parasite stages responsible for severe disease and pathogenesis in humans (Florens et al 2002, Bozdech et al 2003, Le Roch et al 2003, Nirmalan et al 2004, Llinas et al 2006.Two different biosynthetic routes are used to produce isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) for isoprenoid biosynthesis including ubiquinones, dolichols and the prenylation of proteins (Sacchettini & Poulter 1997, Sinensky 2000, Barkovich & Liao 2001. In mammals, plants (cytoplasm), fungi, some bacteria and several protozoa, the isoprenic units are derived from the classical mevalonate pathway (Goldstein & Brown 1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of fosmidomycin on metabolic and transcript profiles of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway in Plasmodium falciparum

Cassera

Merino

Peres

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Key words: Plasmodium falciparum -malaria -fosmidomycin -isoprenoid biosynthesis -real time polymerase chain reaction Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropical regions, with 300 to 500 million clinical cases and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths per year (Snow et al. 2005). With the availability of the complete genome sequence from Plasmodium falciparum, increasing attention has focused on transcript profiling and proteomic analyses of the parasite stages responsible for severe disease and pathogenesis in humans (Florens et al. 2002, Bozdech et al. 2003, Le Roch et al. 2003, Nirmalan et al. 2004, Llinas et al. 2006.Two different biosynthetic routes are used to produce isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) for isoprenoid biosynthesis including ubiquinones, dolichols and the prenylation of proteins (Sacchettini & Poulter 1997, Sinensky 2000, Barkovich & Liao 2001. In mammals, plants (cytoplasm), fungi, some bacteria and several protozoa, the isoprenic units are derived from the classical mevalonate pathway (Goldstein & Brown 1990). In plastids of plants, several algae, eubacteria, cyanobacteria and apicomplexa (apicoplast), the 2C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway produces IPP and DMAPP (Rohmer 1999). The MEP pathway starts with the condensation of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP), which yields 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DOXP) catalyzed by DOXP synthase (DXS); for reviews see references (Lichtenthaler 1999, Rohmer 1999, Eisenreich et al. 2004, Rodriguez-Concepcion 2004. DOXP reductoisomerase (DXR) then catalyzes the intramolecular rearrangement and reduction of DOXP to MEP. The activity of this enzyme is specifically inhibited by fosmidomycin (Kuzuyama et al. 1998). Several subsequent reaction steps are necessary for the conversion of MEP to IPP and DMAPP (Fig. 1).Discovery of the MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in P. falciparum revealed several antimalarial drug targets (Jomaa et al. 1999). Jomaa and co-workers demonstrated that fosmidomycin and its derivate FR900098, are able to inhibit the growth of P. falciparum in culture and to cure mice infected with the related malaria parasite, P. vinckei (Jomaa et al. 1999). Recent field trials in humans have also demonstrated the effectiveness of fosmidomycin in the treatment of human malarial infections, but it has to be administered for more than four days when used alone (Missinou et al. 2002, Borrmann et al. 2005. Recently, biochemical and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that the MEP pathway is functionally active in all intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum (Cassera et al. 2004).In this study we characterized the effect of fosmidomycin on the metabolic levels of each intermediate of the MEP pathway as well as dolichol and ubiquino- nes in ring, trophozoite and schizont stages of P. falciparum parasites and correlated these to the steadystate MEP enzyme transcript levels under drug pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental design -Three characteristic developmental sta...

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Creating Isoprenoid Diversity

Abstract: cent theoretical studies of the effects of chaos, both classical and quantutn, in asymmetric resonant cavities (1C).There are also examoles of tnicrolaser structures that were first demonstrated with inorganic selniconductors and were subseu

Cited by 519 publications

References 3 publications

Overproduction, purification and characterization of FtmPT1, a brevianamide F prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus

Overproduction, purification and characterization of FtmPT1, a brevianamide F prenyltransferase from Aspergillus fumigatus

Feedback Inhibition of Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Synthase Regulates the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway

Effect of fosmidomycin on metabolic and transcript profiles of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway in Plasmodium falciparum

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