Creation and study of Russian plum varieties in the Middle Volga

In 2018-2020, the study was carried out in the Leninsky municipality of Moscow region to explore garden plum in terms of its growth, productivity and morphobiochemical processes depending on the stock. Planting was in 5×2.5 m plots. The subjects of the study include trees of 2 plum varieties (Yaichnaya Sinyaya and Utro) with 5 stocks: plum seedling stock (control), Novinka, OP-23-23, OPA-15-2 and 140-1. The trees were 18 years of age. The influence of the stock on the leaf morphology, biochemical indicators, growth and productivity of grafted plum trees was established. An increase in the linear and radial growth of trees in comparison with the control was noted on clonal stocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23, a decrease in height by 15-20% – on 140-1 and Novinka stocks. The minimal average length of shoots was identified for trees grafted on the 140-1 and Novinka (9-12 cm) stocks. When grafted on OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 stocks, the total shoot growth was 1.7 times greater than on the seedling stock. The leaf area ranged from 21.4 (Yaichnaya Sinyaya/seedling stock) to 36.2 m2/tree. (Utro/OPA-15-2). Th e low-growing tree stock 140-1 produced a smaller assimilation apparatus than in the control. The leaf area index ranged from 4.3 to 7.2. The OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 clonal stocks provided the optimal values of the leaf biometric indicators. The study of leaf microsculpture revealed the morphological differences depending on the stock for total number of stomata and their size. The stomatal index ranged from 1.7 to 2.0. The influence of stock on the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio was established by means of spectrophotometry. An increase in the content of the sum of chlorophylls (a + b) to 8.3 mg/ml and their highest ratio was observed in the leaves of the Utro/OPA- 15-2 and Yaichnaya Sinyaya/OP-23-23 combinations. The maximum values of antioxidant activity (over 90%) and content of phenolic compounds in leaves were recorded with OP-23-23 stock. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed quantitative differences in the composition of low-molecular metabolites (glycerol, myo-inositol, fumaric-, quinic- and lactic acids) depending on the stock. The productivity of garden plum varieties was 1.4-1.9 times higher when grafted with OPA-15-2, Novinka and OP-23-23 in comparison with seedling stock. Cultivation of the Yaichnaya Sinyaya variety with these stocks resulted in an increase in yield from 8 to 15 tonnes/ha, and cultivation of the Utro variety – from 12 to 18 tonnes/ha.

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Agrobiological and morfobiochemical aspects of studying plum scion/stock combinations

Upadysheva

Motyleva

Панищева

et al. 2022

Sadovodstvo i vinogradarstvo

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Efficiency of growing planting material of Russian plum in the conditions of the Moscow region

Upadysheva

2022

Plodovodstvo i âgodovodstvo Rossii

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The results of four-year studies on the reproduction of Russian plum on clonal rootstocks are presented. The purpose of the work was to select the optimal clone rootstocks for replication of the most adaptive varieties of Russian plum. In 2017-2020, in the conditions of the Leninsky district of the Moscow region in the nursery of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, the objects of research were 2 varieties of Russian plum (Shatyor, Cleopatra), grafted on 5 clone rootstocks (SVG-11-19, OD-2-3, 13-113, VVA-1 and Vesennee Plamya). It has been established that the most promising for propagation of Russian plum varieties Cleopatra and Shatyor are clonal rootstocks OD-2-3, 113-113, Vesennee Plamya. The annuals grafted on these rootstocks were characterized by the best biometric parameters of the aboveground system and the number of lateral branches of more than 13 pcs. On the SVG-11-19 and VVA-1 rootstocks, the seedlings were more compact and with fewer lateral branches (6-9 pcs.). The survival rate of the eyes and the yield of annuals of the studied varieties on medium-sized clonal rootstocks Vesennee Plamya and OD2-3 were above 80 %. The maximum yield of standard planting material (40 thousand pieces/ha) was noted in Cleopatra scion/rootstock combinations/ Vesennee Plamya, Shatyor/ OD-2-3 and Shatyor/ Vesennee Plamya. The profitability of growing seedlings of these scion/rootstock combinations was 103.3-109.5 %, which is 1.7 times higher than when grafting these varieties on the VVA-1 rootstock.

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Features of growth and production processes in own-rootedand grafted cherry plum trees

Upadysheva

2023

Plodovodstvo i âgodovodstvo Rossii

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In 2022-2023, a comparative study of the growth and productivity of own-rootedand grafted cherry plum trees planted in 2020 according to the 5×2 m scheme was conducted at the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The objects of research are plants of the varieties ‘Shatyor’, ‘Zlato Skifov’ and ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’, own-rooted and grafted on clone rootstocks SVG-11-19 and 13-113. Differences in biometric indicators in own-rootedand grafted trees of all studied varieties have been established. The height of trees at the age of 5 years varied depending on the graft -rootstock combination from 2.0 (‘Zlato Skifov’/SVG-11-19) up to 3.1 m (‘Shatyor’/13-113). The height of the own-rootedtrees was 15-20 % less than that of the trees grafted on the rootstock 13- 113. The ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ and ‘Shatyor’ varieties showed a significant decrease in height when grafted on the SVG-11-19 rootstock. The trees of the ‘Zlato Skifov’ variety (less than 2.1 m) were the weakest in the experiment. Differences in the length of annual increments and leaf area were revealed. The productivity of cherry plum trees in the initial period of fruiting depended both on varietal characteristics and on the method of growing planting material. The most productive variety was a Shatyor with a load yield of more than 11 kg/der. The greatest differences in productivity, depending on the rootstock, were noted in the ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ variety: from 7.3 to 12.9 kg/der. The average productivity of trees of the ‘Zlato Skifov’ variety did not exceed 5.5 kg/der. The ‘Kubanskaya Kometa’ and ‘Shatyor’ varieties have an advantage in productivity in trees grafted on the SVG-11-19 rootstock compared to own-rootedones. The fruits of own-rootedtrees of all varieties were smaller than those grafted on the rootstock SVG-11-19. To increase the yield of the ‘KubanskayaKometa’ and ‘Shatyor’ varieties, seedlings grafted on the SVG-11-19 rootstock should be used. For a low-growing variety of ‘Zlato Skifov’, the optimal result can be obtained when planting plantings, both with own-rootedseedlings and grafted on rootstock 13-113.

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Creation and study of Russian plum varieties in the Middle Volga

Cited by 3 publications

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Agrobiological and morfobiochemical aspects of studying plum scion/stock combinations

Agrobiological and morfobiochemical aspects of studying plum scion/stock combinations

Efficiency of growing planting material of Russian plum in the conditions of the Moscow region

Features of growth and production processes in own-rootedand grafted cherry plum trees

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