Creencias, actitudes y conductas de riesgo de entrenadores en relación con el peso de sus deportistas: un estudio descriptivo

Abstract

Este es un artículo Open Access bajo la licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Creencias, actitudes y conductas de riesgo de entrenadores en relación con el peso de sus deportistas: un estudio descriptivo RESUMEN: El entrenador/a es una de las principales figuras de referencia para el deportista y la presión que ejerza a través de sus propias actitudes y conductas puede ser uno de los factores más influyentes para desarrollar una alta preocupación por el peso y la figura. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las creencias, actitudes y comportamientos de entrenadores de diferentes modalidades y categorías deportivas respecto a la alimentación y el cuerpo y el control que ejercen sobre sus deportistas en relación con la dieta y el peso. Participaron en el estudio 127 entrenadores (73.2%) y entrenadoras (26.8%). Los participantes entrenaban diferentes modalidades y categorías deportivas, y tenían variada experiencia como entrenador/a. Los participantes rellenaron voluntariamente una encuesta ad-hoc online con preguntas sobre distintos posibles factores de riesgo en relación con la alimentación y el peso en atletas. Un número importante de entrenadores demostró tener creencias, actitudes y prácticas de riesgo en relación con el peso de sus deportistas y el control del mismo. Muchos entrenadores desconocen cómo asesorarse y asesorar correctamente a sus deportistas en relación con la dieta y el control del peso, lo cual complica aún más la situación. Es muy importante que los entrenadores posean formación específica sobre alimentación y manejo del peso en atletas, así como que tengan recursos para la identificación y abordaje de los trastornos alimentarios subclínicos y clínicos y reciban una apropiada ayuda por parte de otros profesionales relevantes. PALABRAS CLAVES:Entrenadores, trastornos alimentarios, factores de riesgo, presión por el peso, dieta. Risk beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of coaches in relation to weight of their athletes: a descriptive studyABSTRACT: Coaches are one of the main reference figures for the athlete, and the pressure exerted by them through their attitudes and behaviours can be one of the most influential factors in developing a high concern for weight and appearance. The purpose of this study was to ascertainb the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours of coaches of different sport modalities and categories regarding nutrition and the body, and the control they exercise over the diet and weight of their athletes. A total of 127 male (73.2%) and female coaches (26.8%) participated in the study. The participants trained different sports modalities and categories, and had a diverse experience as coaches. They voluntarily filled out an online ad hoc survey with questions about different potential risk factors related to athlete nutrition and weight. A significant number of coaches found to have risk beliefs, attitudes, and practices in relation to weight of their athletes and their control over it. Many coaches do not know how to get advice and how to properly advi...

Training Conditions and Psychological Health: Eating Behavior Disorders in Spanish High-Performance Women’s Olympic Wrestling Athletes—A Qualitative Study

“…Pulkkinen (2001) [48] found that the main sources of information on weight loss promotion for professional female judo athletes were their coach (40%) and fellow or former female judo athletes (35%). According to Díaz (2020) [47], athletes trust coaches to modify weight, thus supporting the results obtained in this study. In addition, we added another idea that emerged regarding coaches, and it is that some are not able to identify disordered eating behaviors or even go as far as to encourage them.…”

“…In the sports environment, it was mainly highlighted that the participants trusted the coaches, but the coaches were not able to identify disordered eating behaviors or even encouraged them [47]. Pulkkinen (2001) [48] found that the main sources of information on weight loss promotion for professional female judo athletes were their coach (40%) and fellow or former female judo athletes (35%).…”

“…Among them, the figure of the coach was the most frequently mentioned during the interviews. The pressure that can be exerted by the coach in the world of sports can be one of the triggers of this type of disorder [9] and seems to be very significant in terms of the weight control of athletes [47]. In fact, several studies pointed out that the fact that coaches do not possess the skills for the prevention and promotion of healthy habits among their athletes can be considered a risk factor [47,49,50].…”

“…The pressure that can be exerted by the coach in the world of sports can be one of the triggers of this type of disorder [9] and seems to be very significant in terms of the weight control of athletes [47]. In fact, several studies pointed out that the fact that coaches do not possess the skills for the prevention and promotion of healthy habits among their athletes can be considered a risk factor [47,49,50]. Nowicka (2013) [51] and Diaz (2020) [47] stated that some coaches do not have the necessary training and skills to detect and treat EDs in their athletes.…”

“…In fact, several studies pointed out that the fact that coaches do not possess the skills for the prevention and promotion of healthy habits among their athletes can be considered a risk factor [47,49,50]. Nowicka (2013) [51] and Diaz (2020) [47] stated that some coaches do not have the necessary training and skills to detect and treat EDs in their athletes. It would be necessary to train coaches on this topic to avoid these situations in the future.…”