Crimean?Congo hemorrhagic fever

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever: Five patients with hemophagocytic syndrome

“…Interestingly, this rate is much higher in other parts of the world where the disease is endemic [1][2][3][4][5]. In this tick-borne viral infection, regional differences of the fatality rates were thought to be related to the availability of advanced medical care facilities and the infection acquisition routes.…”

“…In this tick-borne viral infection, regional differences of the fatality rates were thought to be related to the availability of advanced medical care facilities and the infection acquisition routes. For instance, nosocomial spread of infection among medical staff carries a considerably higher risk of mortality [1,2]. On the other hand, clinical presentation of the disease shows wide variations while in most of the patients subclinical or a self-limited course is recognized, in some patients as ours a more severe or fatal disease with HPS might be seen [4,5].…”

“…Another alternative therapy to prevent the viral replication is CCHF specific IgG, but excessive IgG may have a negative impact on these immunological responses. Although ribavirin is known to increase TH1 response in chronic HCV patients and may be an inappropriate mean of use in such patients, however, it is still the most widely used antiviral agent in CCHF and reported to be beneficial in the timely treatment of most of these patients [2,4,24]. The use of some cytokine-blocking agents or antibodies against cytokines such as TNF-a receptor antagonist, anti-IFNg, or IL-18 binding protein may be the other unproven therapeutic approaches in severe form of the disease [15].…”

“…The presumptive diagnosis of CCHF is confirmed by ELISA [2]. Clinical and laboratory criteria of HLH are described in Table I.…”

“…Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an acute infectious disease affecting multiple organ systems and characterized by fever, chills, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, headache, back pain, liver dysfunction, and hemorrhagic manifestations [1,2]. In certain parts of the world, including the countries around the bird migration routes, CCHF constitutes an emerging infectious disease with a disastrous clinical picture and a remarkable fatality rate [1][2][3]. In Turkey, CCHF has been reported endemically in summers of recent 4 years and the disease emerged as a serious public health threat because of its high rate of fatality [3][4][5][6].…”