CRISPR/Cas9 – An evolving biological tool kit for cancer biology and oncology

Tian, Xueli; Gu, Tingxuan; Patel, Satyananda; Bode, Ann M.; Lee, Mee-Hyun; Dong, Zigang

doi:10.1038/s41698-019-0080-7

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Since its discovery, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been recognized as an applicable tool for the purpose of identifying oncogenes and other mediators of cancer, and has become integrated into cancer research. Currently, CRISPR technology is used to investigate the genetic mechanisms in almost all areas of cancer [78].…”

Section: Crispr-based Diagnosis Of Non-infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

et al. 2020

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Interest in CRISPR technology, an instrumental component of prokaryotic adaptive immunity which enables prokaryotes to detect any foreign DNA and then destroy it, has gained popularity among members of the scientific community. This is due to CRISPR’s remarkable gene editing and cleaving abilities. While the application of CRISPR in human genome editing and diagnosis needs to be researched more fully, and any potential side effects or ambiguities resolved, CRISPR has already shown its capacity in an astonishing variety of applications related to genome editing and genetic engineering. One of its most currently relevant applications is in diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Since its initial discovery, 6 types and 22 subtypes of CRISPR systems have been discovered and explored. Diagnostic CRISPR systems are most often derived from types II, V, and VI. Different types of CRISPR-Cas systems which have been identified in different microorganisms can target DNA (e.g. Cas9 and Cas12 enzymes) or RNA (e.g. Cas13 enzyme). Viral, bacterial, and non-infectious diseases such as cancer can all be diagnosed using the cleavage activity of CRISPR enzymes from the aforementioned types. Diagnostic tests using Cas12 and Cas13 enzymes have already been developed for detection of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus. Additionally, CRISPR diagnostic tests can be performed using simple reagents and paper-based lateral flow assays, which can potentially reduce laboratory and patient costs significantly. In this review, the classification of CRISPR-Cas systems as well as the basis of the CRISPR/Cas mechanisms of action will be presented. The application of these systems in medical diagnostics with emphasis on the diagnosis of COVID-19 will be discussed.

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Section: Crispr-based Diagnosis Of Non-infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, determining sensitive genes through the use of genetic diagnostics is crucial for cancer prevention. The CRISPR-based diagnostic system SHERLOCK which uses Cas13 has been established and successfully used for such needs [41,78].…”

Section: Crispr-based Diagnosis Of Non-infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

et al. 2020

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“…We propose that the miRNAs sponged by those ceRNAs might be delivered to the cancers to correct the interaction among miRNA, ceRNA, and target genes, thereof alleviating the protective autophagy and eventually achieving therapeutic effects such as the restoration of sensitivity to chemotherapy and inhibition of metastasis. Moreover, CRISPR-based gene-editing tools are potential applicable treatment strategies [ 159 ]. The CRISPR/Cas9 system may be designed to downregulate the ceRNAs in cancers.…”

Section: Cernas As Potential Therapeutic Targets In Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of ceRNAs-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer Chemoresistance and Metastasis

Zhang

Lü

2020

Cancers

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Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main causes of treatment failure and unfavorable outcome in cancers. There is a pressing need to reveal their mechanisms and to discover novel therapy targets. Autophagy is composed of a cascade of steps controlled by different autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy contributes to chemoresistance and metastasis via competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks including lncRNAs and circRNAs. ceRNAs sequester the targeted miRNA expression to indirectly upregulate ATGs expression, and thereof participate in autophagy-mediated chemoresistance and metastasis. Here, we attempt to summarize the roles of ceRNAs in cancer chemoresistance and metastasis through autophagy regulation.

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“…For this reason, there is a need for personalized medical technology that can directly target various EGFR mutation genes reported in lung cancer patients. As one of these techniques, CRISPR genome engineering technology, which can selectively remove the EGFR mutation in cancer cells and suppress tumor progression, has been increasingly attracting attention [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity Assessment of CRISPR Genome Editing of Oncogenic EGFR Point Mutation with Single-Base Differences

Bae

Kim

et al. 2019

Molecules

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In CRISPR genome editing, CRISPR proteins form ribonucleoprotein complexes with guide RNAs to bind and cleave the target DNAs with complete sequence complementarity. CRISPR genome editing has a high potential for use in precision gene therapy for various diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders, which are caused by DNA mutations within the genome. However, several studies have shown that targeting the DNA via sequence complementarity is imperfect and subject to unintended genome editing of other genomic loci with similar sequences. These off-target problems pose critical safety issues in the therapeutic applications of CRISPR technology, with particular concerns in terms of the genome editing of pathogenic point mutations, where non-mutant alleles can become an off-target with only a one-base difference. In this study, we sought to assess a novel CRISPR genome editing technique that has been proposed to achieve a high specificity by positioning the mismatches within the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence. To this end, we compared the genome editing specificities of the PAM-based and conventional methods on an oncogenic single-base mutation in the endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). The results indicated that the PAM-based method provided a significantly increased genome editing specificity for pathogenic mutant alleles with single-base precision.

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CRISPR/Cas9 – An evolving biological tool kit for cancer biology and oncology

Cited by 72 publications

References 73 publications

CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases

The Roles of ceRNAs-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer Chemoresistance and Metastasis

Specificity Assessment of CRISPR Genome Editing of Oncogenic EGFR Point Mutation with Single-Base Differences

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