Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions

mentioning

confidence: 85%

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Cigarettes

Sobczak

Kośmider

2023

“…In product aerosol characterization, differences in design and engineering play an important role in the variability of total aerosol yield, the level of aerosol constituents, and nicotine dose [ 15 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. Differences in aerosol composition may result in key differences in toxicant reduction between ENDS products as compared to CCs [ 14 , 26 , 84 ].…”

Section: A Proposed Framework: Chemical and Toxicological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Framework for Novel Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Evaluation: Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of JUUL2 Aerosol and Comparison with Reference Cigarettes

Cook,

Lalonde,

Oldham

et al. 2024

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs) are designed as a non-combustible alternative to cigarettes, aiming to deliver nicotine without the harmful byproducts of tobacco combustion. As the category evolves and new ENDS products emerge, it is important to continually assess the levels of toxicologically relevant chemicals in the aerosols and characterize any related toxicology. Herein, we present a proposed framework for characterizing novel ENDS products (i.e., devices and formulations) and determining the reduced risk potential utilizing analytical chemistry and in vitro toxicological studies with a qualitative risk assessment. To demonstrate this proposed framework, long-term stability studies (12 months) analyzing relevant toxicant emissions from six formulations of a next-generation product, JUUL2, were conducted and compared to reference combustible cigarette (CC) smoke under both non-intense and intense puffing regimes. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity assays were conducted on aerosol and smoke condensates. In all samples, relevant toxicants under both non-intense and intense puffing regimes were substantially lower than those observed in reference CC smoke. Furthermore, neither cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, nor genotoxicity was observed in aerosol condensates generated under both intense and non-intense puffing regimes, in contrast to results observed for reference cigarettes. Following the proposed framework, the results demonstrate that the ENDS products studied in this work generate significantly lower levels of toxicants relative to reference cigarettes and were not cytotoxic, mutagenic, or genotoxic under these in vitro assay conditions.

“…Hence, it is not surprising to find a wide diversity of results from EC emission studies in the literature, which points to the need to verify the compliance of laboratory studies with more stringent criteria of experimental quality, namely experimental reproducibility, testing devices in their proper operation ranges, and/or puffing parameters that are as close as possible to consumer usage. In two extensive reviews of 48 studies on EC emissions (12 focusing on metals [ 47 ], 36 on organic by-products [ 48 ]), we found that studies reporting concerning levels of toxic byproducts often failed to comply in various degrees with these quality criteria, which renders them totally or partially unreliable, while toxic byproducts remained negligible (well below their levels in tobacco smoke and toxicological markers) in all studies complying with these criteria.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors did not generate aerosols following a standard protocol or commercial puffing machine but used unidentified instruments designed at their site. As for the puffing regime, they followed the ISO standard for puffing volume (ISO 3308:2018) [ 48 ], with two puffs per minute and a total of fourteen puffs. As for the analytical method, it is not clear from the article what method was followed.…”

Section: Carbonyls In Emissions From Htps (Independent Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding EC analyses, lower levels of carbonyls have been reported for the Lounge device (used at a power of 4 W), whereas high levels have been reported for the Mod box device (used at 30 W). These high carbonyl levels reflect the inadequacy of the HCI regime (conceived to test CCs) for testing sub-ohm EC devices at high powers (see [ 47 , 48 ]).…”

Section: Carbonyls In Emissions From Htps (Independent Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Aerosol Emissions from Heated Tobacco Products: A Review Focusing on Carbonyls, Analytical Methods, and Experimental Quality

Sussman,

Sipala,

Emma

et al. 2023

Self Cite

We provide an extensive review of 17 independent and industry-funded studies targeting carbonyls in aerosol emissions of Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs), focusing on quality criteria based on the reproducibility of experiments, appropriate analytic methods, and puffing regimes. Most revised studies complied with these requirements, but some were unreproducible, while others failed to consider analytical variables that may have affected the results and/or produced unrealistic comparisons. We also provide a review of the literature on the physicochemical properties of heated tobacco and HTP aerosols, as well as the evaluation of HTPs by regulatory agencies, addressing various critiques of their relative safety profile. The outcomes from the revised studies and regulatory evaluations tend to agree with and converge to a general consensus that HTP aerosols expose users to significantly lower levels of toxicity than tobacco smoke.