Crm1 (XpoI) dependent nuclear export of the budding yeast transcription factor yAP‐1 is sensitive to oxidative stress

Kuge, Shusuke; Toda, Takashi; Iizuka, Narushi; Nomoto, Akio

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1998.00209.x

Cited by 152 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…␤-Actin contains a conserved Cys, which results in reversible binding of proteins, S-GS-ylation, and crosslinking of actin filaments upon oxidation (33,112,140). Oxidation functions in glucocorticoid receptor translocation into nuclei (116,136), and oxidation controls export of yeast AP-1 (Yap-1) from nuclei (38,98). Disulfide crosslinks control fluidity of mucus (165).…”

Section: The Redox Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical-free biology of oxidative stress

Jones¹

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

1,032

839

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Free radical-induced macromolecular damage has been studied extensively as a mechanism of oxidative stress, but large-scale intervention trials with free radical scavenging antioxidant supplements show little benefit in humans. The present review summarizes data supporting a complementary hypothesis for oxidative stress in disease that can occur without free radicals. This hypothesis, which is termed the "redox hypothesis," is that oxidative stress occurs as a consequence of disruption of thiol redox circuits, which normally function in cell signaling and physiological regulation. The redox states of thiol systems are sensitive to twoelectron oxidants and controlled by the thioredoxins (Trx), glutathione (GSH), and cysteine (Cys). Trx and GSH systems are maintained under stable, but nonequilibrium conditions, due to a continuous oxidation of cell thiols at a rate of about 0.5% of the total thiol pool per minute. Redox-sensitive thiols are critical for signal transduction (e.g., H-Ras, PTP-1B), transcription factor binding to DNA (e.g., Nrf-2, nuclear factor-B), receptor activation (e.g., ␣IIb␤3 integrin in platelet activation), and other processes. Nonradical oxidants, including peroxides, aldehydes, quinones, and epoxides, are generated enzymatically from both endogenous and exogenous precursors and do not require free radicals as intermediates to oxidize or modify these thiols. Because of the nonequilibrium conditions in the thiol pathways, aberrant generation of nonradical oxidants at rates comparable to normal oxidation may be sufficient to disrupt function. Considerable opportunity exists to elucidate specific thiol control pathways and develop interventional strategies to restore normal redox control and protect against oxidative stress in aging and age-related disease.thioredoxin; glutathione; cysteine; hydrogen peroxide; redox signaling; protein thiol ONE OF THE GREAT REDOX BIOLOGISTS of the past century, Howard S. Mason, professed that to advance science, a scientist must interpret observations at the limit of their meaning. The present review of the redox biology of thiol systems addresses the possibility that disruption of the function and homeostasis of thiol systems is the most central feature of oxidative stress that contributes to mechanisms of aging and age-related disease. I have termed this the "redox hypothesis" to facilitate distinction from free radical hypotheses.Many proteins contain redox-sensitive thiols, and reactions of thiol systems occur largely by nonradical two-electron transfers. Accumulating data show that central thiol-disulfide couples are maintained under nonequilibrium conditions in biological systems. This presents a condition wherein changes in abundance and distribution of redox catalysts and changes in rates of generation of relevant oxidants (e.g., peroxides) and precursors for NADPH supply can account for pathological effects of oxidative stress through altered functions of enzymes, receptors, transporters, transcription factors, and structural elements, without free ra...

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Section: The Redox Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical-free biology of oxidative stress

Jones¹

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

1,032

839

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“…The yeast transcriptional factor Yap1 senses the intracellular redox state via its carboxy-terminal cysteine-rich domain (c-CRD) (17), and the structure of c-CRD has been reported to reflect the equilibrated and steady-state physiological redox status (1). The Redoxfluor C probe (C probe) contains a tandem repeat of the partial sequence for c-CRD (Yap1 601-650) (Fig.…”

Section: Development and Characterization Of Redoxfluor As A Redox Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Fluorescent Sensor Protein for Visualization of Redox States in the Cytoplasm and in Peroxisomes

Yano

Oku

Akeyama

et al. 2010

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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103

101

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Reactive oxygen species are generated within peroxisomes during peroxisomal metabolism. However, due to technological difficulties, the intraperoxisomal redox state remain elusive, and the effect of peroxisome deficiency on the intracellular redox state is controversial. A newly developed, genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe, Redoxfluor, senses the physiological redox state via its internal disulfide bonds, resulting in a change in the conformation of the protein leading to a FRET response. We made use of Redoxfluor to measure the redox states at the subcellular level in yeast and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In wild-type peroxisomes harboring an intact fatty acid ␤-oxidation system, the redox state within the peroxisomes was more reductive than that in the cytosol, despite the fact that reactive oxygen species were generated within the peroxisomes. Interestingly, we observed that the redox state of the cytosol of cell mutants for peroxisome assembly, regarded as models for a neurological metabolic disorder, was more reductive than that of the wild-type cells in yeast and CHO cells. Furthermore, Redoxfluor was utilized to develop an efficient system for the screening of drugs that moderate the abnormal cytosolic redox state in the mutant CHO cell lines for peroxisome assembly without affecting the redox state of normal cells.

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“…In the case of oxidative stress, the interaction between yAP-1 and the exportin is hindered. As consequence, yAP-1 accumulates in the nucleus enhancing the expression of its targets genes (Kuge et al 1998). A redox sensor made up of three cysteine residues is present in the C terminus and undergoes modifications which likely hinder the interaction of the factor with the exportin due to formation of a disulfide bond between Cys598 and Cys620 after exposure to H 2 O 2 (Kuge et al…”

Section: Mediation Of H 2 O 2 Effects Implication Of the Thiol Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%