Crocetin: A Systematic Review

GUO, Zi-liang; Li, Maoxing; Li, Xin; Wang, Peng; Wang, Weigang; Du, Wei-Ze; Yang, Zhiqiang; Chen, Sheng‐Fu; Wu, Di; Tian, Xiuyu

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.745683

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 185 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…The safety of saffron and its metabolites have been evaluated in clinical trials of both adult and pediatric patients, administered mainly p.o. , in different dosages or formulations (14–450 mg of saffron, 5–30 mg of CRCs, or 7.5–37.5 mg of CRT) [ 143 , 144 , 145 ]. Administration of Crocus sativus L. stigma tablets (200 and 400 mg/day, for 7 days) in healthy adult volunteers, was safe, without significantly affecting any hematological, biochemical and coagulation parameters [ 146 , 147 , 148 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Study of Saffron Carotenoids: The Effect of Crocin Extracts and Dimethylcrocetin on Cancer Cell Lines

et al. 2022

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Crocus sativus L. has various pharmacological properties, known for over 3600 years. These properties are attributed mainly to biologically active substances, which belong to the terpenoid group and include crocins, picrocrocin and safranal. The aim of the current work was to examine the effects of crocins (CRCs) and their methyl ester derivate dimethylcrocetin (DMCRT) on glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, in terms of cytotoxicity and gene expression, implicated in proapoptotic and cell survival pathways. Cell cytotoxicity was assessed with Alamar Blue fluorescence assay after treatment with saffron carotenoids for 24, 48 and 72 h and concentrations ranging from 22.85 to 0.18 mg/mL for CRCs and 11.43 to 0.09 mg/mL for DMCRT. In addition, BAX, BID, BCL2, MYCN, SOD1, and GSTM1 gene expression was studied by qRT-PCR analysis. Both compounds demonstrated cytotoxic effects against glioblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. They induced apoptosis, via BAX and BID upregulation, MYCN and BCL-2, SOD1, GSTM1 downregulation. The current research denotes the possible anticancer properties of saffron carotenoids, which are considered safe phytochemicals, already tested in clinical trials for their health promoting properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In Vitro Study of Saffron Carotenoids: The Effect of Crocin Extracts and Dimethylcrocetin on Cancer Cell Lines

et al. 2022

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“…423 The carotenoid crocetin is a 20-carbon natural carotenoid which is also a diterpenoid and a vitamin A analog. 424 Kordzadeh et al identified it as a candidate drug for COVID-19 treatment based on its high binding energies to S protein and M pro of SARS-CoV-2 virus. 425 Further, in a phase I/II clinical trial on COVID-19 patients suffering from severe respiratory complications, a single injection of LEAF-4L6715 (a liposomal nanocarrier encapsulating crocetin) enhances the oxygenation of vascular tissue and therefore has the potential to improve the clinical outcomes of ARDS and COVID-19 in severely impacted patients.…”

Section: Structures Of Small Molecule Drugs For Covid-19 Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Small molecules in the treatment of COVID-19

Lei

Chen

Jin

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global crisis, and brought severe disruptions to societies and economies. Until now, effective therapeutics against COVID-19 are in high demand. Along with our improved understanding of the structure, function, and pathogenic process of SARS-CoV-2, many small molecules with potential anti-COVID-19 effects have been developed. So far, several antiviral strategies were explored. Besides directly inhibition of viral proteins such as RdRp and Mpro, interference of host enzymes including ACE2 and proteases, and blocking relevant immunoregulatory pathways represented by JAK/STAT, BTK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathways, are regarded feasible in drug development. The development of small molecules to treat COVID-19 has been achieved by several strategies, including computer-aided lead compound design and screening, natural product discovery, drug repurposing, and combination therapy. Several small molecules representative by remdesivir and paxlovid have been proved or authorized emergency use in many countries. And many candidates have entered clinical-trial stage. Nevertheless, due to the epidemiological features and variability issues of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to continue exploring novel strategies against COVID-19. This review discusses the current findings in the development of small molecules for COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, their detailed mechanism of action, chemical structures, and preclinical and clinical efficacies are discussed.

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“…Many of them are predicted to be GT198 inhibitors and can be tested in the future. These include saffron ( 70 , 71 ), pinellia ternate ( 72 ), ephedra ( 73 , 74 ), rhubarb ( 75 ), pomegranate ( 76 – 78 ), arisaematis rhizome ( 79 ), cuttlefish bone ( 80 , 81 ), gardenia ( 82 ), houttuynia cordata ( 83 ), loquat leave ( 84 ), mistletoe ( 85 – 87 ), Nong Ji Li ( 88 ), plantain peel ( 89 – 91 ), radix platycodonis ( 92 ), snakegourd ( 93 ), soursop leave ( 94 , 95 ), turmeric ( 96 , 97 ), Wu Gu Teng ( 98 ) ( Table 1 ). This collection represents only examples but is far from an inclusive or exhaustive list.…”

Section: Oncoprotein Gt198 As Drug Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding cancer and herbal renaissance

Ko¹

2022

Longhua Chin Med

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The original notion in quest of cancer targets to end cancer still stands, yet the secret of common human cancer was concealed by a chicken-egg paradox. Solid tumors initiate in the tumor microenvironment from rare stem cells, which express a mutant target protein as their specific marker. For decades, the stem cell and target protein cannot paradoxically be found one without first finding the other. With combined evidence from genetics, pathology, stem cell biology, clinical oncology, and herbal medicine in particular, this paradox is resolved. Historical successful anticancer herbs, together with clinical oncology drugs, paved the way to decode cancer. In solid tumors, the liable stem cells are pericyte stem cells on blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment inducing angiogenesis. One identified target protein in pericytes is a DNA repair factor and transcriptional regulator named GT198 (gene symbol PSMC3IP , alias name Hop2). Since GT198 is found as a direct drug target of many chemotherapy drugs and clinically successful anticancer herbs, more herbal medicines worldwide can now be screened against this target. In the near future, safer and more effective natural herbal medicines could systematically treat common solid tumors. This review discusses a unified theory of cancer and diseases in which pericyte stem cells are fundamental to both. It also reveals a new approach to identifying multi-functional herbs. Unlocking herbal targets in stem cells enables effective herbal identification and, in turn, awakens the herbal renaissance.

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Crocetin: A Systematic Review

Cited by 44 publications

References 185 publications

An In Vitro Study of Saffron Carotenoids: The Effect of Crocin Extracts and Dimethylcrocetin on Cancer Cell Lines

An In Vitro Study of Saffron Carotenoids: The Effect of Crocin Extracts and Dimethylcrocetin on Cancer Cell Lines

Small molecules in the treatment of COVID-19

Decoding cancer and herbal renaissance

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