Cromolyn Sodium: A Review

Shapiro, Gail G.; König, Peter

doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1985.tb03412.x

Cited by 100 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…18) Moreover, DSCG has long been used for the prevention of allergy related human ailments but because of its poor gastrointestinal absorption and its beneficial effects have been due to its topical application rather than systemic absorption. 44) On the basis of inhibition of systemic anaphylaxis induced by the compound 48/80 in mice after oral HEMA administration, HEMA may prove superior to DSCG for the prevention of allergy related impediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Morus alba on Compound 48/80-Induced Anaphylactic Reactions and Anti-Chicken Gamma Globulin IgE- Mediated Mast Cell Activation

Chai

Lee

Han

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Mast cells are widely distributed throughout vascularized tissues and certain epithelia.1) Mast cells are responsible for a variety of allergic disorders including allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, asthma, and food allergies, as well as catastrophic anaphylactic reactions to insect stings and some drugs. These cells respond to IgE-directed antigens via the high-affinity receptor for IgE, Fce RI, by releasing granules that contain preformed inflammatory mediators and generating inflammatory lipids and cytokines. 2,3) Species of the genus Dorstenia (Moraceae) are perennial, herbaceous plants that are widely distributed in tropical Africa, Asia, Middle-East, Central and South America. 4,5) Moraceae comprises a large family of sixty genera and nearly 1400 species, including important groups such as Artocarpus, Morus, and Ficus. The species of Morus have been shown to exhibit anti-HIV, anti-oxidative, anti-hypotensive, and cytotoxic activities. [6][7][8] Plants of this genus are known to be rich in flavonoids, 9,10) a group of chemicals shown to have potent antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus, rhinovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and various respiratory viruses. [11][12][13] This herb has been long used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant, 14) and also applied for control of inflammation, diabetes, and bronchial asthma. 15,16) The phenolic constituents and flavonoids of mulberry tree inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase activity and regulates arachidonate metabolism in rat platelet homogenates. 17) Although studies have demonstrated that various effects of M. alba on numerous disease, the anti-allergic activity of the root bark of M. alba is poorly understood. Since calcium and cAMP have been shown to play a pivotal role in the mast cell activations, we have assessed the effect of the root bark of M. alba on calcium uptake and change of intracellular cAMP in mast cells. In this paper, we show that the root bark of M. alba inhibits the compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and anti-CGG IgE-induced rat peritoneal mast cell activations and the increased vascular permeability while cAMP level is increased. In addition, its effects are compared with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), a known cell stabilizer which inhibits the release of pre-formed and newly synthesized chemical mediators from a variety of cells involved in allergic and inflammatory responses. 18) MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsCompound 48/80, bovine serum albumin (BSA), disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and HEPES, chicken gamma globulin (CGG) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (MO, U.S.A.). DSCG, an antianaphylactic agent, was used as positive control in order to compare with HEMA activity. Percoll solution was purchased from Pharmacia (Uppsala, Sweden). Anti-CGG IgE antibodies were supplied by Hern-Ku Lee works for department of immunology, Chonbuk National University Medical School.Experimental Animals Male ICR mice and SpragueDawley rats aged 8-10 weeks were purchased from Dae Han Experimental Animal Center (Daejeon, Korea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Morus alba on Compound 48/80-Induced Anaphylactic Reactions and Anti-Chicken Gamma Globulin IgE- Mediated Mast Cell Activation

Chai

Lee

Han

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…With 6 hours of follow-up after the induction of MCAO, we first established a model to evaluate tPA-induced HF, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the potential effect of the timing of the tPA infusion (before or after reperfusion) ( 20,21 it was administered intracerebroventricularly.…”

Section: Pharmacological Protocols and Animal Groupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast Cell Stabilization Reduces Hemorrhage Formation and Mortality After Administration of Thrombolytics in Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Strbian

Karjalainen–Lindsberg²,

Kovanen³

et al. 2007

Circulation

101

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Background-Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) improves stroke outcome, but hemorrhagic complications and reperfusion injury occasionally impede favorable prognosis after vessel recanalization. Perivascularly located cerebral mast cells (MCs) release on degranulation potent vasoactive, proteolytic, and fibrinolytic substances. We previously found MCs to increase ischemic and hemorrhagic brain edema and neutrophil accumulation. This study examined the role of MCs in tPA-mediated hemorrhage formation (HF) and reperfusion injury. Methods and Results-Exposure to tPA in vitro induced strong MC degranulation. In vivo experiments in a focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats showed 70-to 100-fold increase in HF after postischemic tPA administration (PϽ0.001). Pharmacological MC stabilization with cromoglycate led to significant reduction in tPA-mediated HF at 3 (97%), 6 (76%), and 24 hours (96%) compared with controls (PϽ0.01, PϽ0.001, and PϽ0.01, respectively). Furthermore, genetically modified MC-deficient rats showed similarly robust reduction of tPA-mediated HF at 6 (92%) and 24 (89%) hours compared with wild-type littermates (PϽ0.01 and PϽ0.001, respectively). MC stabilization and MC deficiency also significantly reduced other hallmarks of reperfusion injury, such as brain swelling and neutrophil infiltration. These effects of cromoglycate and MC deficiency translated into significantly better neurological outcome (PϽ0.01 and PϽ0.05, respectively) and lower mortality (PϽ0.05 and PϽ0.05, respectively) after 24 hours. Conclusions-MCs appear to play an important role in HF and reperfusion injury after tPA administration. Pharmacological stabilization of MCs could offer a novel type of therapy to improve the safety of administration of thrombolytics.

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“…Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium are less effective in controlling asthma than inhaled glucocorticoids and need to be taken three to four times daily, although they may be useful for some patients. 94,95 Cromolyn should be given before inhaled glucocorticoids are started in children, although it is important to recognize that the doses of inhaled glucocorticoids that provide equivalent asthma control (100 to 400 mg per day) have no appreciable side effects, are cheaper, and need to be administered only twice daily. Nedocromil may reduce the need for inhaled glucocorticoids in patients who have problems with local side effects, 96 but cromolyn has no such sparing effect.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%