Crop sequences in no-tillage system: effects on soil fertility and soybean, maize and rice yield

Abstract

Decomposing crop residues in no-tillage system can alter soil chemical properties, which may consequently influence the productivity of succession crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil chemical properties and soybean, maize and rice yield, grown in the summer, after winter crops in a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil (21 ° 15 ' 22 '' S; 48 ° 18 ' 58 '' W) on a Red Latosol (Oxisol), in a completely randomized block design, in strip plots with three replications. The treatments consisted of four summer crop sequences (maize monocrop, soybean monocrop, soybean/maize rotation and rice/bean/cotton rotation) combined with seven winter crops (maize, sunflower, oilseed radish, pearl millet, pigeon pea, grain sorghum and sunn hemp). The experiment began in September 2002. After the winter crops in the 2005/2006 growing season and before the sowing of summer crops in the 2006/2007 season, soil samples were collected in the layers 0-2.5; 2.5-5.0; 5-10; 10-20; and 20-30 cm. Organic matter, pH, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and H + Al were determined in each soil sample. In the summer soybean/maize rotation and in maize the organic matter contents and P levels were lower, in the layers 0-10 cm and 0-20 cm, respectively. Summer rice/bean/cotton rotation increased soil K levels at 0-10 cm depth when sunn hemp and oilseed radish had previously been grown in the winter, and in the 0-2.5 cm layer for millet. Sunn hemp, millet, oilseed radish and sorghum grown in the winter increased organic matter contents in the soil down to 30 cm. Higher P levels were found at the depths 0-2.5 cm and 0-5 cm, respectively, when sunn hemp and oilseed radish were grown in the winter. Highest grain yields for soybean in monoculture were obtained in succession to winter oilseed radish and sunn hemp and in rotation with maize, after oilseed radish, sunn hemp and millet. Maize yields were highest in succession to winter oilseed radish, millet and pigeon pea. Rice yields were lowest when grown after sorghum.

Physical quality of an Oxisol under no-tillage subjected to different cropping systems

“…2016 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-204X2016000900056 the roots of this species can penetrate the compacted soil layer and create biopores (Foloni et al, 2006). In the same experimental site of the present study, Marcelo et al (2009) found the highest increase in SOM content, up to the 30-cm depth, when sun hemp was used, in comparison with other second crops.…”

Sequências de culturas em sistema de semeadura direta: II - decomposição e liberação de nutrientes na entressafra

“…Por 25 anos, a área foi utilizada para a produção de soja e milho em sistema convencional de preparo do solo. Em setembro de 2002, implantou-se um experimento em SSD visando à avaliação do efeito de sequências de culturas nos atributos do solo, cuja descrição detalhada foi apresentada por Marcelo et al (2009). Conforme Embrapa (2006, o solo foi classificado como Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico, textura argilosa.…”

Residual Effects of Some Preceded Winter Field Crops on Productivity of Intercropped Soybean with Three Maize Cultivars

“…Accordingly, performance of soybean growth and development was enhanced after berseem cutting as a result of optimum nutrient supply and better soil condition for growth of root and shoot of soybean crop (Billore et al, 1994). Leguminous species are known for their capacity to fix atmospheric N and narrow the C/N ratio, resulting in faster residue decomposition (Aita and Giacomini, 2003) and consequent release of accumulated N and other nutrients (Marcelo et al, 2009). …”