Cross‐country Evidence of the Relationship Between Resilience and the Subjective Perception of Well‐being and Social Inclusion: Evidence from the Regions of Matam (Senegal) and the Triangle of Hope (Mauritania)

Abstract

Resilience, commonly perceived as an unobservable household characteristic, has been defined differently according to each measurement approach utilized. This paper contributes to the literature, both conceptually, by reviewing the link between resilience, subjective well‐being and social inclusion; and analytically, by providing statistical evidence of whether subjective measures of well‐being are associated with higher household resilience. The paper shows that those who perceive themselves and their community to be involved in the decision‐making process related to policies and service provision are associated with greater resilience capacity. The empirical evidence is based on two household surveys in Senegal and Mauritania. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resilience of agricultural systems facing increased salinity intrusion in deltaic coastal areas of Vietnam

“…The subjective assessment of resilience was based on farmers' perceptions of (1) the sensitivity of their farming systems to increased salinity intrusion, (2) the capacity of their farming 2014Fixed framing of resilience and standardization of measurements across respondents, easy to compare across households and stratified groups (Jones 2019) Difficult to measure intangible characteristics of resilience (Clare et al 2017), hard to understand the drivers of resilience, risk of using the same set of indicators for resilience measurement of individuals or systems with different cultural background and social-ecological settings (Jones 2019) Explanatory/qualitative research using focus group discussions, indepth interviews, and so forth Toth et al (2016), Ungar (2003) Accounts for the researcher bias in the selection of resilience factors and the specific socio-cultural context in which resilience occurs (Ungar 2003) Methodological looseness, key informant type approaches, difficult to generalize to the whole population (Maxwell et al 2015) Subjective resilience using a household survey Béné et al 2016 2017Bottom-up and participatory approach, removing the external and predefined resilience indicators, reducing the questionnaire burden, improving understanding of determinants of resilience, and enabling cross-cultural comparison of resilience (Clare et al 2017, Jones 2019 Cognitive bias in the answers (Tanner et al 2015, d'Errico et al 2018 and little evidence of their validity and use for policy and practice until now (Beauchamp et al 2019) Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches in resilience measurement Beauchamp et al 2019, Ungar and Liebenberg (2011) Depending on the degree of qualitative or quantitative use, a mixed method approach can provide complementary information and improve an understanding of drivers of resilience (Maxwell et al 2015) Challenging to synthesize information into one analysis (Maxwell et al 2015) systems to recover from salinity damage, and (3) the capacity to change their farming systems to other systems if salinity increases in the future. Following the study of Jones and Tanner (2017), a single question with a 5-point Likert scale was asked to address each resilience component: 1To what extent is your farming system affected if salinity intrusion increases?…”

Mainstreaming climate adaptation into social protection: The issues yet to be addressed

“…In this context, some scholars maintain that using ‘well‐being’ as an outcome measure of resilience capacities helps to capture both subjective and objective dimensions of resilience (Armitage et al, 2012; Béné et al, 2019; Brown & Westaway, 2011; White, 2010). For example, d'Errico et al (2018, p. 1341) tell us, ‘those households which perceive their wellbeing to be more positive are associated with greater resilience capacity’. Aligning the three dimensions of well‐being (material, relational and subjective) for understanding resilience helps to overcome many criticisms of the resilience concept in social‐ecological thinking by paying particular attention to ‘agency, values, and aspirations, which are of central importance in understanding human behaviour in relation to the environment’ (Armitage et al, 2012, p. 11).…”

Characteristics and Determinants of the Resilience of Smallholder Farmers: Lessons from Application of the RIMA II Methodology in Eastern Africa

“…A regular approach in analyzing such unobservable/latent variables is to identify a proxy indicator and estimate its value through a factor analysis approach based on some directly observable variables. One approach to this that has been vastly tested in Africa is the RIMA methodology (d'Errico and Di Giuseppe 2018; d' Errico and Pietrelli 2017;d'Errico et al 2017).…”