Cross-Layer Analysis in Cognitive Radio—Context Identification and Decision Making Aspects

Abstract

Abstract-Research on context-aware communications recently led to the introduction of features and algorithms relying on the presence and rich, accurate context information, requiring however the introduction of cross-layer information exchanges. Cognitive radio (CR), in particular, is expected to benefit from context awareness, as the cognitive engine (CE) relies on the availability of multiple information sources to operate efficiently. In this context, this work delivers a detailed, yet concise classification and description of the information exchanged in a CR network between the layers of a generic protocol stack, and between each layer and the CE. For each layer, the key services provided and delivered are presented, followed by a catalogue of exchanged parameters. The analysis, supported by a set of use cases providing a quantitative assessment of the impact of crosslayer information exchanges in a CR framework, is the basis for the for the discussion of key implementation challenges and the identification of the most promising partition of functions and tasks between layers and CE.

Smart Routing Management Framework Exploiting Dynamic Data Resources of Cross-Layer Design and Machine Learning Approaches for Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey

“…Also, spectrum management in CRNs needs a cross-layer design mechanism where different layers can be considered in attaining the optimal design and implementation results [22]. Indeed, the routing performance can take advantage of the stack-layer information and make them useful tools to develop routing operations [7].…”

“…For instance, the cooperation of physical and MAC layers can feed the routing algorithm very prominent information about spectrum sensing, which utilized by routing decisions [5], [13]. Shortly, the routing can get more optimization by allowing the layer of physical and MAC for collaboration [7]. In more details, every layer in the stack-layer can provide different information and services to adapt with MCRNs [12], [27], [28] as explained in Fig.…”

“…In contrast, the efficient QoS in CR networks is considered highly challenging due to increasing dynamic of network conditions that it cannot always be guaranteed the availability of the required resources [7].…”

“…• Network Layer: The network layer can forward a data packet from the sender node to the target node. Moreover, maintenance and update of routes that it use for delivering a packet over it [7], [29]. It also acts fragmentation and reassembly of packets, if required [12].…”

“…For instance, joining path and spectrum diversity can assist MCRNs in avoiding the activity of PUs and improving routing performance. Moreover,The cross-layer design is a premium solution through sharing services and information in the effective way between non-adjacent layers to accommodate changes CRNs topology [7].…”