In order to solve the problem that the ideological and political work mechanism in colleges and universities is relatively backward, which has no significant effect on ensuring the healthy and vigorous development of socialist universities with Chinese characteristics and promoting the all-round growth of students, this research focuses on the innovative countermeasures of ideological and political work in colleges and universities under the network environment from the perspective of ideological and political education. Therefore, the current situation and problems of ideological and political education management in colleges and universities are understood through questionnaire survey and interview. It is learned that 24.09% of students believe that the level of ideological and political education activities in colleges and universities is declining, 32.12% of students do not like the traditional way of ideological and political education, 33.94% of students have a general evaluation of the current ideological and political education management, and 58.03% of students believe that the way of ideological and political education is relatively single. Network psychological education for college students is a kind of educational behavior aimed at the psychological change process of college students in the Internet environment, and it conducts psychological education for college students in terms of cognition, emotion, will, ethics, personality shaping, interpersonal communication, and so on. Based on the above problems, combined with the requirements of ideological and political management and the needs of students, this article puts forward countermeasures from three aspects: management mechanism innovation, team improvement, and adaptation ways. Therefore, the management of ideological and political education in the network era is not a thing overnight, and must be adhered to for a long time. Only by constantly exploring, strengthening research, absorbing the strengths of others, innovating and developing, the ideological and political education management in the network era will increasingly show its strong effectiveness and play a more and more important role in practical work. The lack of network morality and network norms not only affects the ideological and political education but also affects the ideological and moral elements of higher vocational students’ quality and physical and mental health.