Crossed Renal Ectopia With and Without Fusion

Robot Assisted Nephron Sparing Surgery in a L-Shaped Fused Ectopic Pelvic Kidney: Reproducibility of the Procedure and Technical Considerations

“…Males are more commonly affected by this congenital disorder [1]. The right to left crossed fusion is more common than left to right fusion anomaly [1,2]. The ureteric bud enters the metanephric blastema adjacent to the anlage of the lumbosacral spine.…”

Management of ureteral obstruction in crossed fused renal ectopia: A case report

“…Crossed fused renal ectopia occurs in about 1 in 1000 live births 3 and has a 3:2 male to female predominance. 4 Left to right ectopia is more common than right to left.…”

Traumatic avulsion of the vascular supply of a crossed unfused ectopic kidney: complementary roles of ultrasonography and intravenous pyelography.

“…In the latter situation, one kidney is in a normal position while the other is not at all connected to it and most often is located at or below the level of the sacral promontory. 3 It is accepted practice among radiologists to evaluate trauma to the urinary tract with an intravenous pyelogram. 4 However, in the absence of renal function, it may be impossible to demonstrate the presence of a kidney.…”