Crossing test among floating Ulva thalli forming `green tide' in Japan

World’s largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China

“…In comparison with previous reviews of green-tide events (Fletcher, 1996;Morand and Briand, 1996;Hiraoka et al, 2004;Morand and Merceron, 2005), this is the largest green-tide ever reported anywhere in the world. It also represents the largest known translocation of any green-tide and the satellite images presented here demonstrates that similar to phytoplankton blooms (Gjøster et al, 2000), under suitable oceanographic conditions green-tides can move large distances adding huge biomass and causing significant damage far from their source.…”

“…The excessive growth of some species from green algae, such as, Ulva, Enteromorpha, Chaetomorpha and Cladophora, has been reported in the formation of macroalgal blooms or green-tide events in many parts of the world including Europe, North America, South America, Japan and Australia (Fletcher, 1996;Morand and Briand, 1996;Hiraoka et al, 2004;Morand and Merceron, 2005;Merceron et al, 2007). These green algae are able to respond rapidly to excess nutrients especially when water temperature conditions are favourable to their growth (Fletcher, 1996;Hernández et al, 1997;Valiela et al, 1997;Raffaelli et al, 1998;Morand and Merceron, 2005).…”

Recurrence of the world’s largest green-tide in 2009 in Yellow Sea, China: Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture rafts confirmed as nursery for macroalgal blooms

“…The cause of green-tides (Fletcher, 1996;Morand and Briand, 1996;Hiraoka et al, 2004;Morand and Merceron, 2005) has been largely attributed to the eutrophication. In this case, we do not (Poole and Raven, 1997).…”

Abiotic factors influencing biomass accumulation of green tide causing Ulva spp. on Pyropia culture rafts in the Yellow Sea, China

“…These phenomena are not new, being reported from nutrient enriched waters in many of the world's temperate and tropical waters since the last century (e.g. Fletcher, 1996;Morand and Briand, 1996;Valiela et al, 1997;Nelson et al, 2003;Hiraoka et al, 2004;Merceron et al, 2007). However, what has characterised macroalgal blooms in the 21st century is the sheer scale of the blooms and their occurrence in coastal and offshore areas rather than just estuaries and embayments (e.g.…”