Crosslinked WO3 nanonet for rapid detection of sulfur mustard gas simulant: Mechanism insights and sensing application

High-performance metal-oxide gas sensors based on hierarchical core–shell ZnFe2O4 microspheres for detecting 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide

“…Meanwhile, the binding energy of 725.07 eV corresponds to Fe 2p 1/2 , while the binding energies of 719.26 and 732.71 correspond to the vibration satellite peak of Fe 2p, and the XPS spectra of all Fe 2p indicate that the Fe ions of the synthetic sample are in the +3 valence state. 21,38,40 The XPS spectrum of O 1s shows three binding energy peaks at 530.12, 531.74 and 532.72 eV corresponding to the lattice oxygen, surface adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen in the sample, respectively. 21,41 The proportions of lattice, surface adsorbed and hydroxyl oxygen determined from these peaks were 75.18%, 14.29% and 10.53%, respectively.…”

“…21,38,40 The XPS spectrum of O 1s shows three binding energy peaks at 530.12, 531.74 and 532.72 eV corresponding to the lattice oxygen, surface adsorbed oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen in the sample, respectively. 21,41 The proportions of lattice, surface adsorbed and hydroxyl oxygen determined from these peaks were 75.18%, 14.29% and 10.53%, respectively. The XPS results are consistent with the XRD analysis data, confirming the successful preparation of the ZnFe 2 O 4 samples via the simple one-step hydrothermal method.…”

“…The sensor response value decreases as the relative humidity increases, which is due to competitive adsorption of water vapor molecules. 21…”

“…15,16 In particular, considerable research efforts have been made in the development of sensitive materials for MOS gas sensors, such as ZnO, 17 SnO 2 , 18 CuO, 19 and WO 3 . 20,21 Their applications primarily include the detection of industrial toxic and harmful gases, such as NH 3 , NO 2 , and CO, as well as alcohol and acetone, which can be employed as markers in medicine and identifying drunk driving. 22 Recently, these materials have been applied for the detection of chemical warfare agents and their simulants.…”

Synergy of Active Sites and Charge Transfer in Branched WO3/W18O49 Heterostructures for Enhanced NO2 Sensing

“…The WO 3 nanonets were deposited in situ on a ceramic tube via the solvothermal approach according to our previous reports. 30 Briefly, 0.1 mmol of WCl 6 was dispersed into 6 mL of ethylene glycol and 24 mL ethanol. Then, the above solution and ceramic tubes were transferred to a 50 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 180 °C for 12 h. The WO 3 nanonets were obtained after thermal treatment of the precursor at 500 °C in air for 2 h. The ceramic tube acts as a substrate in the fabrication of samples.…”