Crossover Ring Oscillator PUF

Pang, Zihan; Zhang, Jiliang; Zhou, Qiang; Gong, Shuqian; Xu, Qian; Tang, Bin

doi:10.1109/isqed.2017.7918322

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…After the dynamic reconfiguration, the same PRO PUF cell is implemented using bit file 2 ○, which leads to two new transmission routes 𝑅 ′ 𝐴 and 𝑅 ′ 𝐵 . Furthermore, due to the introduction of the dynamic reconfiguration, the proposed PRO PUF is resistant to side channel attacks since it is not easy to find the exact frequency of each PRO PUF cell [22].…”

Section: Hardware Implementation Of the Pro Puf Structure 41 Fpga Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Ring Oscillator PUF Using Programmable Delay Units on FPGA

Cui¹,

Li²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst.

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The ring oscillator (RO) PUF can be implemented on different FPGA platforms with high uniqueness and reliability. To decrease the hardware cost of conventional RO PUFs, a new design using the programmable delay units is proposed, namely, PRO PUF. The programmable interconnect points (PIPs) of programmable delay units are used to enhance the configurability. The PUF cell of the proposed design has the ability to be efficiently programmed to a RO PUF at any stage by adjusting the propagation paths of the delay units. A significant number of responses can be generated by the proposed PRO PUF while consuming fewer hardware resources. To verify the performance, the proposed design has been implemented on Xilinx FPGAs and also simulated using a standard 40nm technology. The experimental results have shown that the proposed design achieves high uniqueness, reliability and hardware efficiency. Moreover, the PRO PUF has been evaluated using a machine learning attack, the CMA-ES attack. The results have shown that the proposed structure is more resistant to common modeling attacks when compared to conventional RO-related PUF designs.

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Section: Hardware Implementation Of the Pro Puf Structure 41 Fpga Imp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14, where each point takes the average value after 10 times of operation. [3] CRO PUF in [22] RRO PUF in [24] XCRO PUF in [25] Proposed PRO PUF [3] CRO PUF in [22] RRO PUF in [24] XCRO PUF in [25] Proposed PRO PUF…”

Section: Puf Performance 51 Security Analysis Of the Pro Pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Ring Oscillator PUF Using Programmable Delay Units on FPGA

Cui¹,

Li²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst.

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“…Additionally, finite state machines have been proposed both for the implementation of controlled [121] and of reconfigurable [122] PUFs. Moreover, reconfigurable PUFs based on bistable rings [123], ring oscillators [123,124], hybrid oscillators [125], arbiters [126],…”

Section: Related Work Regarding Reconfigurable Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Lightweight Security: Physical Unclonable Functions and the Internet of Things

Anagnostopoulos¹

2022

Preprint

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In this work, we examine whether Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) can act as lightweight security mechanisms for practical applications in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). In order to do so, we first discuss what PUFs are, and note that memory-based PUFs seem to fit the best to the framework of the IoT. Then, we consider a number of relevant memory-based PUF designs and their properties, and evaluate their ability to provide security in nominal and adverse conditions. Finally, we present and assess a number of practical PUF-based security protocols for IoT devices and networks, in order to confirm that memory-based PUFs can indeed constitute adequate security mechanisms for the IoT, in a practical and lightweight fashion.More specifically, we first consider what may constitute a PUF, and we redefine PUFs as inanimate physical objects whose characteristics can be exploited in order to obtain a behaviour similar to a highly distinguishable (i.e., “(quite) unique”) mathematical function. We note that PUFs share many characteristics with biometrics, with the main difference being that PUFs are based on the characteristics of inanimate objects, while biometrics are based on the characteristics of humans and other living creatures. We also note that it cannot really be proven that PUFs are unique per instance, but they should be considered to be so, insofar as (human) biometrics are also considered to be unique per instance.We, then, proceed to discuss the role of PUFs as security mechanisms for the IoT, and we determine that memory-based PUFs are particularly suited for this function. We observe that the IoT nowadays consists of heterogeneous devices connected over diverse networks, which include both high-end and resource-constrained devices. Therefore, it is essential that a security solution for the IoT is not only effective, but also highly scalable, flexible, lightweight, and cost-efficient, in order to be considered as practical. To this end, we note that PUFs have been proposed as security mechanisms for the IoT in the related work, but the practicality of the relevant security mechanisms has not been sufficiently studied.We, therefore, examine a number of memory-based PUFs that are implemented using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components, and assess their potential to serve as acceptable security mechanisms in the context of the IoT, not only in terms of effectiveness and cost, but also under both nominal and adverse conditions, such as ambient temperature and supply voltage variations, as well as in the presence of (ionising) radiation. In this way, we can determine whether memory-based PUFs are truly suitable to be used in the various application areas of the IoT, which may even involve particularly adverse environments, e.g., in IoT applications involving space modules and operations.Finally, we also explore the potential of memory-based PUFs to serve as adequate security mechanisms for the IoT in practice, by presenting and analysing a number of cryptographic protocols based on these PUFs. In particular, we study how memory-based PUFs can be used for key generation, as well as device identification, and authentication, their role as security mechanisms for current and next-generation IoT devices and networks, and their potential for applications in the space segment of the IoT and in other adverse environments. Additionally, this work also discusses how memory-based PUFs can be utilised for the implementation of lightweight reconfigurable PUFs that allow for advanced security applications. In this way, we are able to confirm that memory-based PUFs can indeed provide flexible, scalable, and efficient security solutions for the IoT, in a practical, lightweight, and inexpensive manner.

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“…The PUF concept has increased attention as an emerging hardware security primitive. Various PUF implementations have been presented by taking advantages of random physical characteristics in microelectronic devices such as arbiter PUF [2], ring-oscillator PUF [3][4][5], butterfly PUF [6], clock PUF [7], and memory-based PUF [8,9]. It is expected that the next generation of PUFs will be implemented using emerging nanotechnology-based devices [47].…”

Section: Physical Unclonable Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hardware security solutions provide secure building blocks based on unique physical aspects for devices with less energy and performance overhead. Physical unclonable function (PUF) is an innovative concept for the hardware security used to generate secrets from complex physical characteristics of microelectronic devices [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

QCAPUF: QCA-based physically unclonable function as a hardware security primitive

Abutaleb

2018

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are increasingly used as innovative security primitives to provide the hardware authentication and identification as well as the secret key generation based on unique and random variations in identically fabricated devices. Security and low power have appeared to become two crucial necessities to modern designs. As an emerging nanoelectronic technology, a quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) can achieve ultra-low power consumption as well as an extremely small area for implementing digital designs. However, there are various classes of permanent defects that can happen during the manufacture of QCA devices. The recent extensive research has been focused on how to eliminate errors in QCA structures resulting from fabrication variances. By a completely different vision, to turn this disadvantage into an advantage, this paper presents a novel QCA-based PUF (QCAPUF) architecture to exploit the unique physical characteristics of fabricated QCA cells in order to produce different hardware fingerprint instances. This architecture is composed of proposed logic and interconnect blocks that have critical vulnerabilities and perform unexpected logical operations. The behaviour of QCAPUF is thoroughly analysed through physical relations and simulations. Results confirm that the proposed QCAPUF has state of the art PUF characteristics in the QCA technology. This paper will serve as a basis for further research into QCA-based hardware security primitives and applications.

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Crossover Ring Oscillator PUF

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

An Efficient Ring Oscillator PUF Using Programmable Delay Units on FPGA

An Efficient Ring Oscillator PUF Using Programmable Delay Units on FPGA

Practical Lightweight Security: Physical Unclonable Functions and the Internet of Things

QCAPUF: QCA-based physically unclonable function as a hardware security primitive

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