Crowdsourcing Geographic Information Systems

GIS Open-Source Plugins Development: A 10-Year Bibliometric Analysis on Scientific Literature

“…Crowdsourced data are data collected and reported by the user community. The crowdsourcing term is related to the collection of geospatial data as a contribution by non-expert users and the aggregation of these data into meaningful geospatial datasets [68]. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) refers to geographic content as a contribution by non-expert users [68].…”

“…The crowdsourcing term is related to the collection of geospatial data as a contribution by non-expert users and the aggregation of these data into meaningful geospatial datasets [68]. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) refers to geographic content as a contribution by non-expert users [68]. OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a good example of a VGI, which is a community mapping effort that allows for free access to map images and the data are uploaded by a common user.…”

“…The OSM project aims to promote participatory cartography. Other well-known crowdsourcing examples include platforms such as Wikimapia [69] and more recently the GIS Cloud Crowdsourcing Solution [68][69][70]. Crowdsourcing web and mobile applications are freely available applications that any user can install and allow citizens to anonymously report issues online from their desktop computers.…”

“…Social media, with the huge amount of user's data, facilitate the collection of locations and contents, helping to contribute to crowdsourcing. Flickr, Panoramio, Instagram, Facebook and Twitter are some of the social media applications that can be used [68]. ML algorithms, as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) algorithms, are also used with crowdsourced data [71].…”