Crucial role of androgen receptor in resistance and endurance trainings-induced muscle hypertrophy through IGF-1/IGF-1R- PI3K/Akt- mTOR pathway

Yin, Liangyu; Lu, Lijun; Lin, Xiao; Wang, Xiaohui

doi:10.1186/s12986-020-00446-y

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This may explain the fact that the expression of leukocyte IGF1R remained at a more or less consistently elevated level compared to its initial value to counteract muscle tissue damage. IGF1R is also a factor in muscle hypertrophy induced by androgen receptor stimulation after resistance and endurance trainings [ 78 ]. Previous reports have shown IGF1R in the whole blood was differentially expressed after intensive exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma microRNA-320a as a Potential Biomarker of Physiological Changes during Training in Professional Volleyball Players

Podgórski

Cieśla

Podgórska

et al. 2022

JCM

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A deeper insight into the mechanisms responsible for athlete performance that may serve as specific and detailed training indicators is still desired, because conventionally used biomarkers provide limited information about the adaptive processes that occur during exercise. The objective of our study was to assess insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors (IGF1R) gene expression and evaluate plasma concentration of selected microRNAs (miRNAs) during a 10-week training period (sampling times: week 1, 4, 7, and 10) in a group of 12 professional female volleyball players. Circulating miRNAs (miR-223, miR-320a, and miR-486) with established concentration in plasma and documented association with the IGF1 signaling pathway, which is involved in muscle development and recovery, were tested. The levels of analyzed miRNAs, tested by one-way ANOVA, were significantly different between four training periods during a 10-week training cycle (miR-223 p < 0.0001, miR-320a p = 0.00021, miR-486 p = 0.0037, respectively). The levels of IGF1R also appeared to be different (p = 0.00092), and their expression showed a trend to increase between the first and third periods. In the fourth period, the expression decreased, although it was higher compared with the baseline. Correlations between concentration levels of miR-223 and miR-320a (rs = 0.54, p < 0.001), as well as between miR-320a and miR-486 (rs = 0.73, p < 0.001) were also found. In the fourth period, a negative correlation between miR-223 plasma level and leucocyte IGF1R expression was found (rs = −0.63, p = 0.028). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that miR-320a (p = 0.024) and creatine kinase (p = 0.028) had the greatest impact on the expression levels of the IGF1R gene. Future studies are required to define whether these miRNAs, especially miR-320a, as well as IGF1R expression could be useful biomarkers of physiological changes during exercise and to discover their detailed biological roles in mode-specific exercise training adaptations of professional athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma microRNA-320a as a Potential Biomarker of Physiological Changes during Training in Professional Volleyball Players

Podgórski

Cieśla

Podgórska

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…Besides the direct impact through leucine-enriched whey protein, VD can also stimulate MPS through direct impact by increasing muscular VD receptor (VDR) level [ 65 ] and indirectly modulating the levels of anabolic hormones in blood [ 66 , 67 ]. Anabolic hormones serum testosterone (T) [ 68 ] and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) [ 69 ] levels are associated with muscle mass and can help improve muscle adaptations to RT in male adults. Both RT and VD supplementation, alone or in combination, can increase serum T and IGF-1 levels, especially in VD deficient subjects [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-Related Effect of Whey Protein and Vitamin D3 Supplementation Provided before or after Bedtime in Males Undergoing Resistance Training

et al. 2022

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There is increasing evidence that dietary protein intake with leucine and vitamin D is an important factor in muscle protein synthesis. This study investigated the combined effects of consuming whey protein and vitamin D3 in the evening before bedtime or in the morning after sleeping on muscle mass and strength. Healthy, untrained males (N = 42; Age = 18–24 year) were randomly assigned into three groups: before bedtime, after sleeping, and control. Subjects underwent a 6-week resistance training program in combination with supplements that provided 25 g whey protein and 4000 IU vitamin D3 for the before bedtime and after sleeping groups and a 5 g maltodextrin placebo for the control group. A significant increase in serum vitamin D was observed in both before bedtime and after sleeping groups. All groups experienced a significant gain in leg press. However, the control group did not experience significant improvements in muscle mass and associated blood hormones that were experienced by the before bedtime and after sleeping groups. No significant differences in assessed values were observed between the before bedtime and after sleeping groups. These findings suggest that the combination of whey protein and vitamin D supplements provided either before or after sleep resulted in beneficial increases in muscle mass in young males undergoing resistance training that exceeded the changes observed without these supplements.

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“…In fact, not only in sedentary states, but also in acute or chronic exercise conditions, elevated AR content in skeletal muscle is closely associated with exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy and strength gain [10], and AR blockade or myo ber-speci c AR deletion attenuates exercise-induced increases in muscle mass and strength [11,12]. Our previous work also indicated that in both resistance training and endurance training, AR plays a crucial role in training-induced muscle hypertrophy of rats using AR speci c antagonist utamide [13]. In addition, overtraining reduces the level of AR, which may be related to overtraining-induced decline in muscle mass [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Androgen Receptor Regulates the Proliferation of Stretched Myoblasts and Its Mechanisms: IGF-1R-mediated p38 and ERK1/2 Pathways

Lin

Yin

et al. 2020

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BackgroundOur previous study has indicated that in C2C12 myoblasts androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in 15% stretch-induced proliferation through insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)-modulated PI3K/Akt, p38 and ERK1/2 pathways. In this study we further explored AR's effects on 15% and 20% stretches-modulated myoblasts proliferation and involved pathways in L6 (no detectable AR) and C2C12 (abundant AR) myoblasts.MethodsThe proliferation and the above indicators were compared between stretched L6 and C2C12 myoblasts by CCK8, ELISA and Western blot, then were detected again in stretched L6 myoblasts after transfection with AR overexpression plasmid utilizing LipoPlusTM 2000 reagent or treatment with different concentrations (200, 500, 1000 ng/ml) IGF-1 recombinant polypeptide.ResultsWe found that ①Under un-stretched states, the proliferation rate of L6 cells was slower than that of C2C12 cells, and the proliferation of C2C12 cells was repressed by AR knockdown using siRNA interference, while L6 myoblasts proliferation was promoted by overexpression AR. ②The proliferation rate as well as the activities of p38 and ERK1/2 increased by 15% stretch were much lower in L6 than that in C2C12 cells; AR overexpression enhanced the proliferation of 15% stretched L6 cells accompanied with increased activities of p38 and ERK1/2; ③20% stretch decreased the proliferation and activity of p38 in L6 more than that in C2C12 myoblasts; overexpression of AR totally reversed the anti-proliferation of 20% stretch and significantly enhanced p38 activity in L6 myoblasts;④In L6 myoblasts, overexpression AR increased IGF-1R expression despite no detectable IGF-1 was secreted; and recombinant IGF-1 increased not only the proliferation, but also the protein level of IGF-1R and activities of p38 and ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner in 15% stretched L6 myoblasts. ConclusionsAR fulfilled 15% stretch-induced pro-proliferation of myoblasts by activating IGF-1R-p38 and ERK1/2 pathways, while 20% stretch-induced anti-proliferation was mediated by inhibiting AR-IGF-1R-p38 pathway. This study is beneficial to understand in depth the role and mechanisms of AR on appropriate exercise increases while excessive exercise decreases muscle mass.

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Crucial role of androgen receptor in resistance and endurance trainings-induced muscle hypertrophy through IGF-1/IGF-1R- PI3K/Akt- mTOR pathway

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

Plasma microRNA-320a as a Potential Biomarker of Physiological Changes during Training in Professional Volleyball Players

Plasma microRNA-320a as a Potential Biomarker of Physiological Changes during Training in Professional Volleyball Players

Muscle-Related Effect of Whey Protein and Vitamin D3 Supplementation Provided before or after Bedtime in Males Undergoing Resistance Training

Androgen Receptor Regulates the Proliferation of Stretched Myoblasts and Its Mechanisms: IGF-1R-mediated p38 and ERK1/2 Pathways

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