Cryptococcal infection causing longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis in an immunocompetent individual: Case report and literature review

Panda, Ashwin Kumar; Hazra, Sourav; Anthony, Aldrin; Kushwaha, Suman

doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1171572

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Of the more than six million known fungal species, only 1% have been reported to cause infections in humans [1]. These fungal pathogens are a continuing threat due to the ever-expanding use of immunosuppressants and the increasing number of immunocompromised patients [2,3]. In addition, there is a rise in resistance to often outdated antifungal treatments [1,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Models for Cryptococcosis of the CNS and Their Characterization Using In Vivo Imaging Techniques

Roosen,

Maes,

Musetta

et al. 2024

JoF

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Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii remain a challenge to our healthcare systems as they are still difficult to treat. In order to improve treatment success, in particular for infections that have disseminated to the central nervous system, a better understanding of the disease is needed, addressing questions like how it evolves from a pulmonary to a brain disease and how novel treatment approaches can be developed and validated. This requires not only clinical research and research on the microorganisms in a laboratory environment but also preclinical models in order to study cryptococci in the host. We provide an overview of available preclinical models, with particular emphasis on models of cryptococcosis in rodents. In order to further improve the characterization of rodent models, in particular the dynamic aspects of disease manifestation, development, and ultimate treatment, preclinical in vivo imaging methods are increasingly used, mainly in research for oncological, neurological, and cardiac diseases. In vivo imaging applications for fungal infections are rather sparse. A second aspect of this review is how research on models of cryptococcosis can benefit from in vivo imaging methods that not only provide information on morphology and tissue structure but also on function, metabolism, and cellular properties in a non-invasive way.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Models for Cryptococcosis of the CNS and Their Characterization Using In Vivo Imaging Techniques

Roosen,

Maes,

Musetta

et al. 2024

JoF

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Short segment myelitis as a dominant manifestation of cryptococcal infection: a case report

Huo,

Gao,

Wang

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Cryptococcosis and tuberculosis coinfection: Always a clinical challenge

Srivastava,

Mahla,

Aggarwal

et al. 2023

Journal of Internal Medicine of India

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Cryptococcosis and tuberculosis are known to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. Coinfection involving Cryptococcus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) within immunocompetent hosts presents a rare and intriguing clinical scenario that challenges conventional paradigms of infectious diseases. The literature on cryptococcal and tubercular coinfection in immunocompetent hosts is scarce, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive exploration of this unique clinical entity. Immunocompetent patients who exhibit meningitis-like symptoms are rarely evaluated for cryptococcal meningitis, which can cause the illness to be misdiagnosed or delayed leading to catastrophic consequences, including death. This case report discusses the clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic considerations specific to cases where Cryptococcus and M. tuberculosis coexist in individuals with robust immune systems. The review also addresses the difficulty of distinguishing coinfection from sequential infections, providing insights into the potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions between Cryptococcus and M. tuberculosis. By synthesizing available evidence and identifying gaps in knowledge, this case report contributes to the evolving understanding of coinfections in immunocompetent hosts. Furthermore, implications for clinical management, including optimized diagnostic strategies and tailored treatment regimens, are discussed. The exploration of host–pathogen interactions in coinfection scenarios has broader implications for infectious disease research and public health strategies, guiding future investigations into the complexities of infectious diseases in immunocompetent individuals.

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Cryptococcal infection causing longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis in an immunocompetent individual: Case report and literature review

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Preclinical Models for Cryptococcosis of the CNS and Their Characterization Using In Vivo Imaging Techniques

Preclinical Models for Cryptococcosis of the CNS and Their Characterization Using In Vivo Imaging Techniques

Short segment myelitis as a dominant manifestation of cryptococcal infection: a case report

Cryptococcosis and tuberculosis coinfection: Always a clinical challenge

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