Cryptococcus bacillisporus (VGIII) Meningoencephalitis Acquired in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Thompson, Luis; Porte, Lorena; Díaz, Violeta; Díaz, María Cristina; S, Solar; Valenzuela, Pablo; Norley, Nicole; Pires, Yumai; Carreño, Fernando; Valenzuela, Sergio O.; Shabani, Rukmane; Rickerts, Volker; Weitzel, Thomas

doi:10.3390/jof7010055

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…VGIII is found predominantly in clinical and environmental sources in Mexico, Colombia and the USA 11,41 . More recently, the VGIII genotype was found in the tropical lowlands east of the Andes Mountains in Bolivia and is considered a cause of CNS infection in this region 42 . This molecular type has emerged as a cause of disease in healthy individuals 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus sequence typing of strains from the Cryptococcus gattii species complex from different continents

Bellet

Roger

Krasteva

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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Background Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes are pathogens causing cryptococcal meningitis, a fungal infection that leads to death unless treated. Worldwide, it is estimated to kill over 180,000 individuals annually. Objectives We aim to investigate the molecular diversity of C. gattii isolates from strains isolated from 1995 to the present day from different continents. Method In this study, we analysed the molecular diversity by MLST and antifungal susceptibility by using the broth microdilution method according to the CLSI M27‐A4 protocol of a total of 26 strains from Cryptococcus gattii species complex from both clinical and environmental sources. Results Genotyping showed that most of the strains (17/26; 65.4%) belonged to serotype B and were distributed between three genotypes: VGI (13/17; 76.5%), VGII (3/17; 17.6%) and VGVI (1/17; 5.9%). The serotype C strains (9/26; 34.6%) were distributed between the VGIII (1/9; 11.1%) and VGIV (8/9; 88.9%) genotypes. The 26 strains belonged to 17 different MLST subtypes, and we highlight four new MLST genotypes (ST553, 554, 555 and 556). The two environmental strains were identified as serotype B and genotype VGI, but were of ST 51 and 154. All isolates have wild‐type MIC of fluconazole and flucytosine. Regarding amphotericin B, five VGI strains showed MICs to AMB equal to 1 µg/ml, and according to the ECV for these genotypes, they were considered non‐wild‐type strains. Conclusions The current study reveals the genetic diversity and new sequence types among strains from the C. gattii complex species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus sequence typing of strains from the Cryptococcus gattii species complex from different continents

Bellet

Roger

Krasteva

et al. 2021

Mycoses

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Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Species Complexes in Latin America: A Map of Molecular Types, Genotypic Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility as Reported by the Latin American Cryptococcal Study Group

Firacative

Meyer

Castañeda

2021

JoF

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Cryptococcosis, a potentially fatal mycosis, is caused by members of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes. In Latin America, cryptococcal meningitis is still an important health threat with a significant clinical burden. Analysis of publicly available molecular data from 5686 clinical, environmental, and veterinary cryptococcal isolates from member countries of the Latin American Cryptococcal Study Group showed that, as worldwide, C. neoformans molecular type VNI is the most common cause of cryptococcosis (76.01%) in HIV-infected people, followed by C. gattii molecular type VGII (12.37%), affecting mostly otherwise healthy hosts. These two molecular types also predominate in the environment (68.60% for VNI and 20.70% for VGII). Among the scarce number of veterinary cases, VGII is the predominant molecular type (73.68%). Multilocus sequence typing analysis showed that, in Latin America, the C. neoformans population is less diverse than the C. gattii population (D of 0.7104 vs. 0.9755). Analysis of antifungal susceptibility data showed the presence of non-wild-type VNI, VGI, VGII, and VGIII isolates in the region. Overall, the data presented herein summarize the progress that has been made towards the molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal isolates in Latin America, contributing to the characterization of the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of these globally spreading pathogenic yeasts.

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Cryptococcus bacillisporus (VGIII) Meningoencephalitis Acquired in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Multilocus sequence typing of strains from the Cryptococcus gattii species complex from different continents

Multilocus sequence typing of strains from the Cryptococcus gattii species complex from different continents

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Species Complexes in Latin America: A Map of Molecular Types, Genotypic Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility as Reported by the Latin American Cryptococcal Study Group

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